Business Intelligence Vs. Business Analytics Essay

Business Intelligence VS Business Analytics Business Intelligence is needed to run the business while Business Analytics are needed to change the business. - Pat Roche, Vice President of Engineering, Noetix Products Introduction Business intelligence and analytics (BIA), a term coined in 1989, has gained much reaction in the IT practitioner community and academia over the past two decades. BIA refers to: (1) the technologies, systems, practices, and applications that (2) analyze critical business data to (3) help an enterprise better understand its business and market (research paper). Traditionally, business intelligence (BI) has been used as an umbrella term to describe the concepts and methods to improve business decision making by using fact-based decision support systems. BI also includes the underlying architectures, tools, databases, applications, and methodologies. BI’s major objectives are to enable interactive and easy access to diverse data, enable manipulation and transformation of these data, and provide business managers and analysts the ability to conduct appropriate analyses and perform the actions [Turban et al. 2008; Wixom et al. 2011]. Successful BI initiatives have been reported for major industries, from healthcare and airlines, to major IT and telecommunication firms [Anderson-Lehman et al. 2004; Carte et al. 2005; Turban et al. 2008]. As a datacentric approach, BI heavily relies on the various advanced data collection, extraction, and analysisShow MoreRelatedBusiness Intelligence Vs. Business Analytics Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Intelligence VS Business Analytics â€Å"Without big data analytics, companies are blind and deaf, wandering out onto the web like deer on a freeway.† – Geoffrey Moore, author and consultant. Introduction Business intelligence and analytics (BIA), a term coined in 1989, has gained much reaction in the IT practitioner community and academia over the past two decades. BIA refers to: (1) the technologies, systems, practices, and applications that (2) analyze critical business data to (3) help anRead MoreHuman Computer Interaction And Analytics Technologies Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Computer Interaction and Analytics A Term Paper Presented to CMPS 5443: Adv Top: Human-Comp Interaction Department of Computer Science Midwestern State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of the Degree Master of Science By Manju Yadav Akkaraboina Fall - 2016 Abstract This paper explains the development in the human computer interaction by using the analytics technologies. The analytics technologies act as a decision support system for the further development in theRead MoreBusiness Intelligence And Marketing Analytics Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesBI and BA Business intelligence and business analytics†¦ aren’t they the same thing?Or are they describing opposite processes?There are a lot of big words that get thrown around in the world of BI, and it’s easy to get lost in a whirlwind of interpretation.The diversity of opinion reflects the fluidity of how we understand the defining language of the field.It also demonstrates that in business intelligence, one term can mean different things to different people, depending on their business focus andRead MorePredictive Analytics, Data And Data1194 Words   |  5 Pagesdata is the future of BI and big data analytics (Jamack, 2012). When BI reports are run using the data and queries, information is retrieved and it is called Descriptive Analytics. When the dataset is further analyzed and drawn inferences using statistical methods like correlation or regression then it is called Diagnostic Analysis. Based on this information when the possible outcomes are predicted it is calle d Predictive Analytics. Finally, Predictive analytics uses previously tested or predictedRead MoreGlobal Issue : New Information Technology Initiatives1625 Words   |  7 Pagesinitiatives, identifies the challenges, and suggests vendors who could help implement these initiatives in the company. The 3 initiatives are customer relationship management (CRM), business intelligence (BI) analytics, and agile development methodology. CRM helps in understanding everything about the customers, including their business challenges, current use of products (both ours and competitors), and future plans; BI helps to increase the organizational knowledge beyond collections of data and information;Read MorePrescriptive Analytics : Descriptive Analytics1262 Words   |  6 PagesPrescriptive Analytics Prescriptive Analytics has been hailed as the final piece of the business analytics (BA) puzzle. It starts with descriptive analytics - describing what HAS happened and why; next is predictive analytics - forecasting what MIGHT happen; Prescriptive Analytics aims to offer insight into what ACTIONS to take next, suggesting the best course of action among available choices. If your organization has yet to formulate a plan to utilize Prescriptive Analytics in your business intelligenceRead MoreBusiness Intelligence ( Bi )2013 Words   |  9 PagesAs Wikipedia’s explanation, Business intelligence (BI) is the set of techniques and tools for the transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It is a solution package, to integrate all the existing data of organizations efficiently, provide accurate report to support high level managers to make business strategic decision. BI is not a new concept, it was introduced in 1996 for the first time. As the development of BI is the ETL technologies, ETLRead MoreBusiness Intelligence ( Bi )2608 Words   |  11 PagesAbstract: As Wikipedia’s explanation, Business intelligence (BI) is the set of techniques and tools for the transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It is a solution package, to integrate all the existing data of organizations efficiently, provide accurate report to support high level managers to make business strategic decision. BI is not a new concept, it was introduced in 1996 for the first time. As the development of BI is the ETL technologiesRead MoreBi And Big Dat The Transformation Of Raw Data Into Meaningful And Useful Information For Business Analysis3412 Words   |  14 PagesBI and Big Data Abstract: As Wikipedia’s explanation, Business intelligence (BI) is the set of techniques and tools for the transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It is a solution package, to integrate all the existing data of organizations efficiently, provide accurate report to support high level managers to make business strategic decision. BI is not a new concept, it was introduced in 1996 for the first time. As the development of BIRead MoreInformation Systems Strategic Planning Risk And Performance Management942 Words   |  4 Pages BA531 Business Performance Management Week 1 Assignment Information Systems Strategic Planning Risk Performance David Nagus Grantham University Professor Duhn Sept 3, 2015 1. State a simple definition of performance management. Performance management is a process that provides feedback and accountability and also documentation for performance outcomes. It is a forum to help employees channel their talents toward organizational goals. 2. State the three major strategic choices facing firms Business Intelligence Vs. Business Analytics Essay Business Intelligence VS Business Analytics â€Å"Without big data analytics, companies are blind and deaf, wandering out onto the web like deer on a freeway.† – Geoffrey Moore, author and consultant. Introduction Business intelligence and analytics (BIA), a term coined in 1989, has gained much reaction in the IT practitioner community and academia over the past two decades. BIA refers to: (1) the technologies, systems, practices, and applications that (2) analyze critical business data to (3) help an enterprise better understand its business and market (research paper). Traditionally, business intelligence (BI) has been used as an umbrella term to describe the concepts and methods to improve business decision making by using fact-based decision support systems. BI also includes the underlying architectures, tools, databases, applications, and methodologies. BI’s major objectives are to enable interactive and easy access to diverse data, enable manipulation and transformation of these data, and provide business managers and analysts the ability to conduct appropriate analyses and perform the actions [Turban et al. 2008; Wixom et al. 2011]. Successful BI initiatives have been reported for major industries, from healthcare and airlines, to major IT and telecommunication firms [Anderson-Lehman et al. 2004; Carte et al. 2005; Turban et al. 2008]. As a datacentric approach, BI heavily relies on the various advanced data collection, extraction, and analysis technologies [Turban et al.Show MoreRelatedBusiness Intelligence Vs. Business Analytics Essay1777 Words   |  8 PagesBusiness Intelligence VS Business Analytics Business Intelligence is needed to run the business while Business Analytics are needed to change the business. - Pat Roche, Vice President of Engineering, Noetix Products Introduction Business intelligence and analytics (BIA), a term coined in 1989, has gained much reaction in the IT practitioner community and academia over the past two decades. BIA refers to: (1) the technologies, systems, practices, and applications that (2) analyze critical businessRead MoreHuman Computer Interaction And Analytics Technologies Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Computer Interaction and Analytics A Term Paper Presented to CMPS 5443: Adv Top: Human-Comp Interaction Department of Computer Science Midwestern State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of the Degree Master of Science By Manju Yadav Akkaraboina Fall - 2016 Abstract This paper explains the development in the human computer interaction by using the analytics technologies. The analytics technologies act as a decision support system for the further development in theRead MoreBusiness Intelligence And Marketing Analytics Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesBI and BA Business intelligence and business analytics†¦ aren’t they the same thing?Or are they describing opposite processes?There are a lot of big words that get thrown around in the world of BI, and it’s easy to get lost in a whirlwind of interpretation.The diversity of opinion reflects the fluidity of how we understand the defining language of the field.It also demonstrates that in business intelligence, one term can mean different things to different people, depending on their business focus andRead MorePredictive Analytics, Data And Data1194 Words   |  5 Pagesdata is the future of BI and big data analytics (Jamack, 2012). When BI reports are run using the data and queries, information is retrieved and it is called Descriptive Analytics. When the dataset is further analyzed and drawn inferences using statistical methods like correlation or regression then it is called Diagnostic Analysis. Based on this information when the possible outcomes are predicted it is calle d Predictive Analytics. Finally, Predictive analytics uses previously tested or predictedRead MoreGlobal Issue : New Information Technology Initiatives1625 Words   |  7 Pagesinitiatives, identifies the challenges, and suggests vendors who could help implement these initiatives in the company. The 3 initiatives are customer relationship management (CRM), business intelligence (BI) analytics, and agile development methodology. CRM helps in understanding everything about the customers, including their business challenges, current use of products (both ours and competitors), and future plans; BI helps to increase the organizational knowledge beyond collections of data and information;Read MorePrescriptive Analytics : Descriptive Analytics1262 Words   |  6 PagesPrescriptive Analytics Prescriptive Analytics has been hailed as the final piece of the business analytics (BA) puzzle. It starts with descriptive analytics - describing what HAS happened and why; next is predictive analytics - forecasting what MIGHT happen; Prescriptive Analytics aims to offer insight into what ACTIONS to take next, suggesting the best course of action among available choices. If your organization has yet to formulate a plan to utilize Prescriptive Analytics in your business intelligenceRead MoreBusiness Intelligence ( Bi )2013 Words   |  9 PagesAs Wikipedia’s explanation, Business intelligence (BI) is the set of techniques and tools for the transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It is a solution package, to integrate all the existing data of organizations efficiently, provide accurate report to support high level managers to make business strategic decision. BI is not a new concept, it was introduced in 1996 for the first time. As the development of BI is the ETL technologies, ETLRead MoreBusiness Intelligence ( Bi )2608 Words   |  11 PagesAbstract: As Wikipedia’s explanation, Business intelligence (BI) is the set of techniques and tools for the transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It is a solution package, to integrate all the existing data of organizations efficiently, provide accurate report to support high level managers to make business strategic decision. BI is not a new concept, it was introduced in 1996 for the first time. As the development of BI is the ETL technologiesRead MoreBi And Big Dat The Transformation Of Raw Data Into Meaningful And Useful Information For Business Analysis3412 Words   |  14 PagesBI and Big Data Abstract: As Wikipedia’s explanation, Business intelligence (BI) is the set of techniques and tools for the transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It is a solution package, to integrate all the existing data of organizations efficiently, provide accurate report to support high level managers to make business strategic decision. BI is not a new concept, it was introduced in 1996 for the first time. As the development of BIRead MoreInformation Systems Strategic Planning Risk And Performance Management942 Words   |  4 Pages BA531 Business Performance Management Week 1 Assignment Information Systems Strategic Planning Risk Performance David Nagus Grantham University Professor Duhn Sept 3, 2015 1. State a simple definition of performance management. Performance management is a process that provides feedback and accountability and also documentation for performance outcomes. It is a forum to help employees channel their talents toward organizational goals. 2. State the three major strategic choices facing firms

Why Did Dinosaurs Have Feathers

Asking why certain dinosaurs had feathers is no different, in principle, from asking why fish have scales or why dogs have fur. Why should the bare epidermis of any animal possess any type of covering (or, in the case of human beings, practically no covering at all)? In order to answer this question, we have to address a deeper conundrum: what evolutionary advantage did feathers confer on dinosaurs that couldnt be accomplished with fur, or bristles or simple, reptilian scales? The Majority of Feathered Dinosaurs Were Theropods Before we start, though, its important to recognize that not all dinosaurs had feathers. The vast majority of feathered dinosaurs were theropods, a broad category that includes raptors, tyrannosaurs, ornithomimids and dino-birds, as well as the earliest dinosaurs like Eoraptor and Herrerasaurus. Furthermore, not all theropods were feathered: its a pretty sure bet that the late Jurassic Allosaurus had scaly skin, as did other large theropods like Spinosaurus and Tyrannosaurus Rex (though an increasing number of paleontologists believe that the hatchlings and juveniles of these dinosaurs may have been adorably tufted). Theropods werent the only members of the order of saurischian (lizard-hipped) dinosaurs: oddly enough, their closest relatives were the giant, lumbering, elephant-legged sauropods, which were about as different in appearance and behavior from theropods as you can possibly get! To date, theres absolutely no evidence for any feathered relatives of Brachiosaurus or Apatosaurus, and such a discovery seems extremely unlikely. The reason has to do with the differing metabolisms of theropod and sauropod dinosaurs, of which more below. What Is the Evolutionary Advantage of Feathers? Extrapolating from the example of modern birds, you might think that the primary purpose of feathers is  to sustain flight; feathers trap small pockets of air and provide the crucial lift that enables a bird to soar into the air. By all indications, though, the employment of feathers in flight is strictly secondary, one of those contingent developments for which evolution is so famous. First and foremost, the function of feathers is to provide insulation, just like the aluminum siding of a house or the polyurethane foam packed in its rafters. And why should an animal need insulation, you ask? Well, in the case of theropod dinosaurs (and modern birds), its because it possesses an endothermic (warm-blooded) metabolism. When a creature has to generate its own heat, it needs a way to retain that heat as efficiently as possible, and a coat of feathers (or fur) is one solution that has been repeatedly favored by evolution. While some mammals (like human beings and elephants) lack fur, all birds have feathers--and the insulating prowess of feathers is no better demonstrated than in flightless, aquatic birds inhabiting cold climates, i.e., penguins. Of course, this raises the question of why Allosaurus and other large theropod dinosaurs lacked feathers (or why those feathers were only present in juveniles or hatchlings). This may have something to do with the climatic conditions in the regions where these dinosaurs lived, or with a quirk in the metabolism of large theropods; we dont yet know the answer. (As for the reason sauropods lacked feathers, thats because they were almost certainly cold-blooded, and needed to efficiently absorb and radiate heat to regulate their internal body temperature. If they had been covered with feathers, they would have baked themselves from the inside out, like microwaved potatoes.) Dinosaur Feathers Were Favored by Sexual Selection When it comes to otherwise mysterious features in the animal kingdom―the long necks of sauropods, the triangular plates of stegosaurs, and, possibly, the bright feathers of theropod dinosaurs―one should never discount the power of sexual selection. Evolution is notorious for picking out seemingly random anatomical features and putting them into sexual overdrive: witness the enormous noses of male proboscis monkeys, a direct result of the fact that females of the species prefer to mate with the biggest-nosed males. Once insulating feathers had evolved in theropod dinosaurs, there was nothing to prevent sexual selection from taking over and driving the process even further. As yet, we know very little about the color of dinosaur feathers, but its a sure bet that some species sported bright greens, reds, and oranges, probably in a sexually dimorphic fashion (i.e., the males were more brightly colored than the females or vice versa). Some otherwise bald theropods may have sported tufts of feathers in odd locations, such as their forearms or hips, another means of signaling sexual availability, and some early, famous dino-birds like Archaeopteryx were equipped with dark, glossy feathers. What About Flight? Finally, we come to the behavior that most people associate with feathers: flight. Theres still a lot we dont know about the evolution of theropod dinosaurs into birds; this process may have happened multiple times during the Mesozoic Era, with only the last evolutionary wave resulting in the birds we know today. Its an almost open-and-shut case that modern birds evolved from the small, skittery, feathered dino-birds of the late Cretaceous period. But how? There are two main theories. It could be that these dinosaurs feathers provided an extra bit of lift when they were chasing prey or running away from larger predators; natural selection favored increasing amounts of lift, and finally, one lucky dinosaur achieved takeoff. In contrast to this ground-up theory, theres the less popular arboreal theory, which posits that small, tree-living dinosaurs evolved aerodynamic feathers while leaping from branch to branch. Whatever the case, the important lesson is that flight was the unintended byproduct, not the foreordained purpose, of dinosaur feathers! One new development in the feathered dinosaurs debate is the discovery of small, feathered, plant-eating ornithopods like Tianyulong and Kulindadromeus. Might this imply that ornithopods, as well as theropods, possessed warm-blooded metabolisms? Is it at least possible that birds evolved from plant-eating ornithopods, rather than meat-eating raptors? We dont know yet but count on this being an active area of research for at least the next decade.

Education As A System Of Empowering Learning And Securing...

Education is portrayed as a system of empowering learning and securing of data. Education happens under the course of an educator. The English word philosophy begins from the Greek word philosophia - which implies way. African Philosophy is described as the way Africans think when in doubt, experiences and nearness. It is a thinking that respects African universe of view. Enlightening Philosophy uses speculative, insightful and consistent gadgets to clear up the suggestions and to consider the method for data. Firstly the paper will reveal the three dimensions of education will be unveiled in association with institution, sociological and general enlightment, moreover the talk about African hypothesis as showed by different points of view of the writers, thirdly the article will express the piece of African rationale of guideline in association with Ubuntu, communalism and indigenous knowledge system. As demonstrated by institutional perspective preparing is portrayed by the change of a man in light of institutional experiences. Sociological contains learning something amid the time spent living and at last considering general enlightenment preparing is elucidated as a tradition in feeling that propel ones considering. African philosophy solidly relate to general brightening and sociological. African philosophy can be described as the arrangement of the education and its chronicled traditions. The possibility of African philosophy is associated with the social history.Show MoreRelatedThe Pressures Of Performativity And The Responses Of Leadership4815 Words   |  20 Pagesdevelop an understanding of why performance measures are so important to school leadership and how leadership stimulates change when new performance measures are demanded. Firstly, I will briefly explore the development of historical practices in the education field, the ‘History of Classifications and the History of Blood’, discussing their influences on modern day experiences (Ball 2013). To do this I will I use a personal anecdote to direct my research and develop my understanding of the leadershipRead MoreThesis on Empower Women Through Micro Credit Programmes18140 Words   |  73 Pagesschemes, have succeeded in changing the lives of poor women, enhancing incomes and generating positi ve externalities such as increased self-esteem. This paper addresses the challenging issue of whether self-help micro credit programmes are tools for empowering poor women. Micro credit is about much more than access to money. It is about women gaining control over the means to make a living. It is about women lifting themselves out of poverty and vulnerability. It is about women achievingRead MoreAircraft Solutions2693 Words   |  11 PagesSummary 3 Company Overview 3 Security Vulnerabilities 4 A Software Data Loss/Data Leak 4 A Hardware Firewall 5 Recommended Solutions 7 A Software Example Solution 7 A Hardware Example Solution 8 Impact on Business Processes 9 Summary 10 Appendix 11 References 17 Executive Summary Aircraft Solutions is aircraft Design Company that allows internal and external users to access its system. As a result of this, the company has made itself vulnerability toRead MoreChild Centered Curriculum7813 Words   |  32 Pagesencompasses more than a simple definition.   Curriculum is a key element in the educational process; its scope is extremely broad, and it touches virtually everyone who is involved with teaching and learning.   This volume focuses on curriculum within the context of career and technical and technical education.   In no other area has greater emphasis been placed upon the development of curricula that are relevant in terms of student and community needs and substantive outcomes.   The career and technicalRead MoreChild Labour9367 Words   |  38 Pageslabour – for adults and children – despite the Bonded Labour System Act of 1976 which frees all bonded labourers, cancels the debts against them and orders their rehabilitation by the state. Another striking aspect of child labour policy is that it co-exists or runs parallel to education policy with little cross-reference or discussion between the two. In fact the objectives of the two often clash. For example, universal elementary education has remained a goal, howsoever elusive, of government policyRead MoreThe Effects of Succession Planning on Employee Retention6054 Words   |  25 Pagesimportant role in how the employees will perceive these changes and how they will react to them, which in turn will affect their job outcomes. For this purpose, four banks: SCB, RBS, MCB and UBL were chosen, taking 25 employees from each and collecting data through a structured questionnaire. For testing hypotheses the Correlation Model was used to identify the influenced factors based on the correlation value which is significant at the 0.05 level. The study found significant relationship between theRead MorePrinciples Of Health Social Care Practice3133 Words   |  13 Pagespropos e reasoned solutions †¢ put together well-judged arguments and question assumptions †¢ manage time, learn independently †¢ write concisely, clearly and accurately These could be: Reduce the incidence and severity of disorders regarding Bob empowering Bob to take greater responsibility for his own health and social well-being, and putting Bob at the centre of service provision. Bob can have a care plan , an agreement between him and his health professional (or social services) to help him manageRead MoreFactors Affecting Project Implementation Amongst Non Governmental Organizations in Kenya9004 Words   |  37 Pagesmany nongovernmental organizations that run similar programmes and this makes it difficult to realize the full intensions of a given project. The objectives of the study are; to establish the effect of resources management, determine how operational systems affect project implementation, to find out if organizational culture affects project implementation within a non-governmental organization and to determine whether the organisation leadership affects project implementation. The study for sees andRead MoreFactors Affecting Project Implementation Amongst Non Governmental Organizations in Kenya8996 Words   |  36 Pagesmany nongovernmental organizations that run similar programmes and this makes it difficult to realize the full intensions of a given project. The objectives of the study are; to establish the effect of resources management, determine how operational systems affect project implementation, to find out if organizational culture affects project implementation within a non-governmental organization and to determine whether the organisation leadership affects project implementation. The study for sees andRead MoreEssay on Creativity in Education9422 Words   |  38 Pagescreativity at the heart of the learning process will benefit by increasing the motivation of staff and pupils, says former head, Dave Weston. In this article and case study, he shows the way to more imaginative approaches to curriculum planning ‘Creativity is the defeat of habit by originality’ Arthur Koestler Many school leaders and teachers realise that is now time to take more control over the curriculum and to include a greater emphasis on creativity in the learning and teaching process. During

God s Existence Of God - 936 Words

Do Not Be Afraid to Explore More Than One Religion God’s existence sometimes does not exist to certain people. When it comes to the teaching and knowledge about God many people are not aware because they have never been taught about how God appeared on the earth. I choose this topic because I was one of those people who has never really been raised around certain religion nor about the teaching how God came to be. However, I have been taught that God does exist and that his son Jesus are the reason for why we get to live the lives we live. Do I question that sometimes? Of course and I am sure I am not the only person. I wanted to get someone else’s view on how they believe that God came to be before the world was even thought about. I figured that this podcast by Krista Tippett on The Evolution of God by Robert Wright would give me more insight on this topic and also help me see a different view on this subject compared to the one that I have been taught growing up by my family members. Robert Wright who is journalist and scholar is known for his books that challenge the way people think about their religion and God. One of the main things that Tippett questions wright about what type of environment he grew up in and what made him question the evolution of God. He describes that he was born into a family that strongly believed in the religion of Baptist and were very religious. During high school, specifically his sophomore year is when he finally understood the idea thatShow MoreRelatedThe Existence Of God s Existence1339 Words   |  6 Pagesidea of God. The existence of God is one of the most sought out topic that is frequently inquired. Is there really a God or is God merely a concept humans created to explain the unexplainable? And if God does exist, what makes him different from the rest of us? A well-known philosopher, St. Thomas Aquinas, introduced five proofs including the Cosmological Arguments of God’s existence, as well as explained some divine qualities that are associated with God. The nature of God’s existence is oftenRead MoreThe Debate Of God s Existence1671 Words   |  7 Pagestold to follow certain norms or otherwise the big guy upstairs will punish us for being â€Å"disobedient†. To many, â€Å"believing in God† is the only way to live, the reason for the way everything is, and it’s the meaning to life. To others, God, is just a popular view whose existence cannot be proven. While both Atheist and Agnostics agree on the questioning of God’s existence, they disagree on the reasoning of why thing are the way they are. Agnostics believe in a higher power while Atheists believe inRead MoreThe Argument Of God s Existence1737 Words   |  7 PagesEXPLANATION Does God exist? This question has been in debate for centuries with many opposing views, some arising from philosophers on the same side while others refute Gods existence altogether. However for this particular paper I will be taking the best explanations approach. What I mean by this is I do not have proof of God’s existence but the existence of God is the best explanation for the universe around me. With this statement in mind we will discuss arguments in support of God’s existence as wellRead MoreDescartes Argument For God s Existence Of God Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pages In this paper, I offer a reconstruction of Descartes argument for God’s existence in the Third Meditation. Descartes tries to prove the existence of God with an argument that proceeds from the clear and distinct idea of an infinite being to the existence of himself. He believes that his clear and distinct idea of an infinite being with infinite â€Å"objective reality† leads to the occurrence of the â€Å"Special Causal Principle†. I will start by discussing and analyzing Descartes clear and distinct ideaRead MoreThe Question Of God s Existence1575 Words   |  7 PagesSusana Stewart Instructor: Dr. Michael McDowell Course: PHIL 201 Date: 12/13/2015 INTRODUCTION The question of God’s existence has been challenged by many philosophers and non-philosophers alike over the years. If I am honest with myself, during many hard times I have questioned Gods existence myself. Arguments that have been used to support the existence of a divine being includes; the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However, there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopherRead MoreThe Belief Of God s Existence Essay2302 Words   |  10 Pagessound judgment formed through logic. The common belief of â€Å"seeing is believing† makes justifying why God does indeed exist hard for some people because how could a reasonable person believe in something that he or she cannot physically see? Although a person may not be able to physically see God, reason to believe in His existence still exists. It may even be seen as a leap of faith to believe that God exists without being able to physically see Him, yet it is a necessary jump to make. Hav ing a higherRead MoreThe Philosophy Of God s Existence1775 Words   |  8 PagesThe question of God’s existence, will, and manifestation, in some form or another, is one that has crossed the mind of virtually every person over 8,000 years and continues to be questioned and reinterpreted, and shaping our society as our answers to that question change over the years. Three of the most influential thinkers to attempt to define God, and God’s existence are David Hume (1711-1776), Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831). The beliefs of these philosophersRead MoreAnshelm ¬Ã‚ ¥s Proof of God ¬Ã‚ ¥s Existence1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe question about the existence of God or, more generally speaking, of a supernatural entity that steers the course of the world, is probably as old as humanity itself. Many great philosophers were concerned with this basic and yet so important question which remains to be a controversial issue to this day! In the following I will commit myself to the above-mentioned question by firstly reconstructing Anselm ´s proof of God ´s existence and secondly considering his position in the light of the critiqueRead MoreGod s Existence Of The Eternal Self Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesThe majority of Indian religions have a tendency to recognize the existence of Self (Radhakrishnan Moore, 1957). In Hindu culture, the persistent and abiding Self is known as Atman and identified with Brahman as Universe. Buddhism demonstrates a relative attitude to the Self which is recognized in many religions. The concept of rejecting Atman performs a meaningful role in the Buddhist philosophy. The doctrine of non-existence distinguished and named in Hindu as the an-Atman ignores the eternalRead MoreThe Argument For God s Existence And Nature2146 Words   |  9 PagesQuestion 2 In part IX of Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, Deamea, the orthodox Christian, confronts Philo’s skepticism towards the arguments for God’s existence and nature that have thus far be discussed. Deamea presents a version of the ontological argument that he believes should provide undeniable proof of the truths found in religious dogma. However, Philo is not convinced with this argument because of the nature of the argument. Philo describes Deamea’s ontological argument as an

Corporate Financial Management - Dividend Policy Sample

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Financial Management for Dividend Policy? Answer: Dividend Policy of a firm has no relevance to the value of the firm. Miller Modigliani 1963 From the above statement from Miller Modigliani (1963), it reveals that value of a firm solely determined from investment decisions as well as policies (Aamer 2013). It is observed by the scholars that specified dividend policy ensures sale of new equity shares. This theory underlies certain assumptions. It is noticed that empirical evidence concerns on dividend policy of particular business organization (Albrecht, Stice and Stice 2011). Most of the scholars and studies suggested owing tax for investors. It needs essential pre-tax returns for higher payout ratio and comparing with low dividend payout stocks. Assumptions First assumptions includes no issuance cost Organization believes that paying issuance costs as well as new securities obtains equity capital at similar costs (Baltazar 2012). Dividend policies enhance special type of information for anticipation purpose for higher earnings (Brigham and Houston 2013). Established share prices hugely affect the dividend policy in the particular theory. Some practitioners presume that dividends signify reliable content information for decision-making process (Arnold et al. 2012).Dividend policy is considered important because equity capital as well as retained equity is expensive in nature. Optimal dividend policy helps in formulating ways for relative cost of retained earnings and equity on external basis. From the viewpoint of Modigliani and Miller, it is argued that existence of investor favours dividend policies (Balla 2012). It mainly identifies altered dividend policy that could lose stakeholders in other entities as well. Most of the investors do not care whether they receive capital gain income or dividend income. Assumptions reveal that there is no issuance cost. Organization should relate from payment of past earnings and dividend retention in the most appropriate way. Dividend payment ensures regular pay of stock in the particular theory. It should find ways in influencing existence of investment policy in an overall manner (Barrow 2011). From the perspective of Miller and Modigliani, organization focuses on investment policy in comparison with dividend policy for the same. On critical analysis, it is noticed that dividend policy ensures existence of investors in shared values(Brigham andDaves 2013). It mainly notes empirical evidence in suggesting changes in regard with dividend policies as well as stock price influence. Firms mostly prefer dividend policies at appropriate way for ensuring stable dividends in the theory. Addition to that, increased On analysis, it reveals that dividends help in conveying authentic information from earning prospects of the firm. Miller and Modigliani theory explains the information on dividend policies as well as influences the share prices in relation to special dividend payments. From Gordon Theory on Dividend Policy, it is revealed that dividend concept states determination of value of business firm. Dividend concept involves current dividends for viewing at the direct implications of overall concepts in an overall manner. It suggests calculation of market firms in solving the issues on dividends faced by Imperial Tobacco. It reveals market value share determining the future dividend policies in an overall manner. It is noticed that market value determinants shares for main perpetual stream in payment of future dividends in the most appropriate way. Walter Model indicates understanding clear definition on cost of capital as well as internal rate of return for the same. It reveals determination of dividend policies for minimization of cost and maximization of profit for smooth functioning of business firm. It reveals concepts that affect the dividend policies in equity and debt policies in an overall manner. It involves various natures of models leading towards maximization of shareholders equity in the most appropriate way. Walter Model gives detailed investigation on mixing of valuation shares on dividend policies in the final investment decisions. It aims at providing various investment opportunities in financing retained earnings in case of external financing of debt as well as equity. It enables maximizing of optimum investment and minimization of cost for the same. On analysis, it is important to compare three theories like MM, Gordon and Walter Model. These theories are important especially in financial management for smooth functioning of business enterprise. It helps in bringing strong relationship on advancement of dividend policies for the same. It is essential for understanding the concept of Walter Model that specifies maximization of owners wealth in various investment policies. As far as Gordon model is concerned, it relates establishment of dividend capitalization for checking the market values of each share. On the contrary, MM theory strictly follows internal and external financing for bringing changes in the business firm. In the real world, dividend policy is relevant to a firm value It is important to indicate a real-life scenario from the company named Imperial Tobacco. This particular business enterprise plans for current dividend policies with the help of increased payout ratios. It enables checking on dividend per share and earnings per share of business firm. The above statement indicates essence of bringing changes for the dividend payments. Most of the investors believe in evaluation of management attributes on matters relating to cash flow and future earnings in particular organization. From the management perspective, it reveals perceived information on profitability aspects of business organization (Davies and Crawford 2012). It includes existing and potential investors for indulging in final decision-making process. Changed dividend policies ensure unambiguous indicators in attainment of future prospects in business enterprise for future analysis purpose. Information on methods on dividend policies includes management presentations on security and annual reports for changed dividend policies(Dyckman, Magee and Pfeiffer 2011). It helps in providing essential signals for the investors on capital structure attributes in an overall manner. From the perspective of investors, it involves dividend payments in the present world scenario. It is noticed that dividend stability builds positive image for particular business organization. Addition to that, company management should have clear understanding on the payment of dividends uncertainty for creation of poor dividend policies. It helps in alienating for potential and existing investors on matters relating to unstable dividend payments (Brigham and Houston 2013). This will greatly influence the investors perceptions for the level of performance presented in financial markets. Scholars claims for sharing values for earnings divisions on matters relating to retention of dividend policies. It mainly imposes related proposition by MM for conducting restrictive assumptions for better understanding of related concepts. Dividend policies helps majority of shareholders in respect to preference dividend policies (Deegan and Unerman 2011). Shareholders face risk in preference divi dends and related promise on future capital gains. It is noticed that consistent dividends helps in providing certain functions for the investors. On critical analysis on MM theory, it reveals reduced dividend policies for viewing at the uncertainty level among the investors. It focuses on making discounted future earnings in relation with business enterprise. It is noticed that shareholders who fails in paying the dividends give rise to huge uncertainty among the potential investors (Dyckman, Magee and Pfeiffer 2011). This particular approach will lead to low shared prices and increased discounted rates. Transaction cost is imposed on the investors and receives capital gains from the cash dividends. From the theory on Miller and Modigliani, it provides enough relevance on the dividend policies. It introduces ways and models for incorporating for dominant determination of facts in a particular business organization (Eun and Resnick 2012). MM theory signifies undertaking sample size of 28 corporate entities in US from the year 1950. It conducts qualitative research and inculcates interviews from CEO and CFO of firms in and around US (Greene and Dince 2012). It is important to consider the fact that established dividend policy will serve as an active factors in present life scenario (Horngren, Harrison and Oliver 2012). From the perspective of managers, they have an idea on stable dividends and reduced negative perceptions from the investors point of view. Dividend payments and retained earnings ensure adding up the by-product from the main dividend policies, which requires majority of shareholders. It involves major dividend policies as an active determinant for further research ( Kapil 2011). It is advisable that managers should have faith in investors as well as dividend pattern. It revolves around the market put premiums for stable dividend policies for the same. On critical analysis, it is judged that special payouts aim at reducing cash as well as cash equivalents (Libby, Libby and Short 2011). It analyses the payout ratio and compares it with balance sheet figures. As far as special dividends are concerned, it occurs from payouts and related cash attributes. It mainly involves overvalued stock for increased EPS as well as making the required changes in the business organization (Madura 2012). Miller and Modigliani gave the concept on dividend policy and investment policies that mainly affects the working of a particular business organization. This particular theory fails to hold true sense of attributes in dividend policies (Qu and Yang 2012). However, it gives rise to negative ramifications on matters relating to cash flow of an entity. Special dividends influence the firm value either positively or negatively. It varies with consisting payouts from the early investors. Derivation of operating cash flow involves related recouping sections in final investment process for effective decision-making in an overall manner (Rothenberger and Siems 2012). It should focus on analysing the ability of the firm for operation of cash investment for future research analysis. It is noted that special dividends ensures cash achievement from related debt structure affecting entire business organization (Schiff and Lewin 2012). Cash flow operations of the firm should possess enough capacit y for covering interest payments (Schroeder, Clark and Cathey 2011). It should stop worrying from the financial distress of the investors in the most appropriate form Business and Financial Risks faced by Imperial Tobacco Financial Market Risk It is important to understand the fact that Imperial Tobacco gets affected by significant level of committed debt, bank loan markets, and capital markets debt obligations. It requires efficient financing for several debt policies and checking the funds availability in an overall manner. It checks reliability of funds from various bank counterparties for future business activities. Falling credit ratings is one of the financial market risk that needs proper consideration from Imperial Tobacco. Cost of committed funds requires rising cost in an overall manner. It implies future trade funding affecting rising debts issues in case of breath funders in the near future. It is noticed that debt rise with 44% in fixed levels interest in case of high funding costs. Addition to that, Imperial Tobacco faces cash outflows issues in an overall manner. From the annual report, it is evident to gather facts on risk faced by Imperial Tobacco. This risk mainly includes business and financial risk that needs consideration on urgent basis (Spiceland, Thomas and Herrmann 2011). Most of the risk does not provide limitations for social risks, environmental risks and financial risks for the same. It involves illegal circulation of tobacco products and affects the tobacco industry on an adverse manner (Wink and Corradino 2011). It should ensure conducting anti-social campaigns with the help of health authorities that positively affects the policy makers in the near future. Potential risk brings discouragement from the client perspective and influences the behaviour patterns concerning Imperial Tobacco (Balla 2012). It should involve in anti-tobacco advertisements because it will help in bringing positive attitude from the individuals. Advertisements mainly focus on bringing awareness among public that smoking is unpleasant and considered unhe althy constraints (Albrecht, Stice and Stice 2011). It should be emphasis on matters that smoking in public places should be prohibited strictly by the public. It is important to consider the fact that company management focus on acknowledging for understanding the present level of uncertainty. It experiences various form of financial markets for bringing out the positive attributes from the particular business organization. Counterfeiting issues are noticed especially in the Nigeria markets (Aamer 2013). It is noticed by the people that replicated companys offers products that mainly affects the customer extension process. It helps in differentiating between genuine and illegal products in business activities. It is noted that Rogue importers uses Rizler papers for the purpose of increase target market in Senegal. It should emphasis mainly on counterfeit products that includes booklets. It helps in keeping low priced products of Imperial Tobacco (Wink and Corradino 2011). Problems arise because of showing higher availability of products in major cities and towns that brings saturation point in along fake products of Imperial Tobacco. The a bove analysed problem hampers the profitability ratio and reduced performance level concerning business organization. Imperial Tobacco faces issues with illicit trades because it hugely affects the tobacco sectors. It is noticed that sale of illicit whites enhances counterfeit products in providing related competition especially for the market condition process (Spiceland, Thomas and Herrmann 2011). It emphasizes mainly on the domestic products for duly payment free products after viewing at the present business condition. Market shares include stock prices for analysing purpose for Imperial Tobacco. These approaches will bring enlightenment on mitigating problems especially for company officials. It involves government authorities that address the problems for future analysis purpose. It is important to consider the fact that several issues intensifies on related illegal Chine products (Scott 2011). This put emphasis on the coupling operational activities at Imperial Tobacco. It involves dedicating enforcement actions for the related counterfeit products attributes in an overall manner. Partnership approach serves as a mitigating tool for briefing the issues in faster ways (Schroeder, Clark and Cathey, 2011). It mainly enhances on excise duty and raise public funding process as well as private control agendas in the most appropriate way. Recent Financial Performance of Imperial Tobacco Profitability Ratio Imperial Tobacco Profitability Ratio Gross Margin Ratio 2014 2015 Gross Margin $18,036,883 $20,587,576 Net Sales $21,864,478 $25,276,809 82.49400237 81.44847714 Profit Margin 2014 2015 Net Income $1,456,883 $1,877,741 Net Sales $21,864,478 $25,276,809 6.663241629 7.428710641 Return on Assets 2014 2015 Net Income $1,456,883 $1,877,741 Average Total Assets $16,902,088 $20,421,712 0.086195445 0.091948266 It is noticed from the above table, Imperial Tobacco needs improvement in net profit ratio because it is too less for future business activities. Gross margin ratio arrives 82% in the year 2014 and 81% in the year 2015.This particular ratio implies comparing gross margin with net sales. High gross margin ratio helps in measuring selling of inventory for smooth functioning of business enterprise. Shareholders Equity of Imperial Tobacco Return on Equity 2014 2015 Net Income $1,456,883 $1,877,741 Shareholder's Equity $2,814,518 $4,265,359 0.517631438 0.440230471 Return on equity ratio is one of the indicators that help in equity financing for fund operations as well as future growth. The above table signifies that shareholder equity increases with proper allocation of equity shares in an overall manner. From the current annual report on Imperial Tobacco, it is noted special disclosures by the Finance Director for achievement of future outcomes of business activities. It mainly possesses enough capacity in earning revenues for future analysis purpose (Schiff and Lewin 2012). Imperial Tobacco indicates constant positive financial performance that manages with the cash effectively and cost management in an overall manner. It is revealed from the year 2013 that net revenue reduced with one percent from excessive sale of tobacco products. It emphasis mainly on the net volume reduction and seven percent offset prices for bringing net worth of Imperial Tobacco (Rothenberger and Siems 2012). From the present operating environment, logistics distribution fees enable reduction with five percent especially from economic headwinds especially from European region for future analysis purpose. Operating profits generates increase with one percent for bringing uniformity in the business activities for the same (Qu and Yang 2012). Favourable financial performance reflects on matters relating with generation of net revenue especially in the emerging markets. Realization on profit gains establishes strong market in Russia and USA. On financial analysis, it is noticed that market performance hugely affects constant decline in net revenue and volume especially in Spain. Illicit trade activities influences increased custom duty for future research purpose (Madura 2012). It effectively brings out the changed duty noticed from the deregulation markets in Morocco. Imperial Tobacco believes in preparation of financial statements for various undergoing concern in an overall manner. It puts emphasis on the historical cost convention policies for conduction of act recognised in the year 2006 (Libby, Libby and Short 2011). In accordance with 408 of companies act, it helps in establishing separate income statement from related business organization in the near future. Investments Imperial Tobacco invests in certain attributes from nearest subsidiaries. It mainly indicates ways for provisions for future analysis purpose(Leo et al. 2012) Financial Instruments Imperial Tobacco conducts usage of non-derivative financial instruments that includes debtors. It helps in enhancing fair values as well as amortization. It serves the purpose for allocation of costs in related interest method rates in the most appropriate way (Kapil 2011). It emphasizes on impairment on related accounts receivable figures generated from the annual reports of Imperial Tobacco. Profit for the year Imperial Tobacco involves in calculating profits for the current financial year. It aims at profit maximization with cost minimization in business activities (Horngren, Harrison and Oliver 2012). Financial statement analysis process the audit fee charge at 0.4 million from the past financial years. Treasury shares Imperial Tobacco conducts share purchasing from the buyback program as well as detainment of shareholders (Horngren 2013). It mainly deducts funds for analysing the basic attributes of shares traded in the open markets. Purchase groups revolve around 867000 shares that cost 182 million on yearly basis. Imperial Tobacco believes in creation of shared values (Grieve 2013). It is possible by conducting meetings and strict criteria for main acquisition in an overall manner. Buyback program helps in finding suitable variations for established business activities. It is important to consider the fact that company puts emphasis on special dividend policies especially for supply funds in way of single instalments (Greene and Dince 2012). Management should evaluate variable options considering disclosure of business activities and generation of supply funds on timely basis. Debt capacity of the business and sources of financing available to Imperial Tobacco 2012 2013 2014 2015 Long-term Debt $4,028,538 $5,011,640 $5,488,591 $8,299,328 Total Equity $1,900,207 $2,972,081 $1,664,741 $2,023,128 Debt/ Debt+ Equity $0.68 $0.63 $0.77 $0.80 Imperial Tobacco should make ways in acquisition of equity shares as well as decreased debt obligations for future business activities. In the financial years, it is noticed increased balance amount of debt and equity required for smooth functioning of business enterprise. Imperial Tobacco shows consistent increase in the debt capacity from the year 2008. This particular company reveals attribution in form of acquisition of Atladis in the year 2007. It is noticed that there was mandatory undertaking of large borrowings figures from the annual reports of Imperial Tobacco. It mainly involves debt accumulation figures for bringing subsequent variation from the share values of Imperial Tobacco (Gapenski and Pink 2012). Addition to that, it is revealed from annual report figures that Imperial Tobacco faces rapid decrease from the debt figures on faster pace. Main sources of financing for Imperial Tobacco put emphasis on the sale of shares. This particular concept of financing brings creativity for shared values with shareholders for future analysis purpose. Another source of financing includes sale derivation making the necessary diverse brands in the most appropriate form (Dyckman, Magee and Pfeiffer 2011). It is important to understand the fact that market management reveals good profit generation. Most of the companies believe in positive returns for attainment of future growth on various operational ways. Product markets include supply of fine tobacco, smokeless tobacco, paper and cigar. Generation of diverse brands involves recording of positive returns at 12% on total tobacco revenue (Deegan and Unerman 2011). Addition to that, Imperial Tobacco commits various policies in way of adequate funding as well as providing bank facilities for the same. It helps in meeting various borrowing needs especially in peak season. Acquisition of a ssets mainly revolves around brand recognition for entering in the committed facilities for research purpose(Davies and Crawford 2012). Credit facilities and term loans mainly presumes the financial performance of Imperial Tobacco. Recommendation on an optimal capital mix of Imperial Tobacco It is advisable for Imperial Tobacco for conducting best optimal mix condition for smooth functioning of business enterprise. Optimal mix is an ideal condition whereby companys shares maximized values in their business activities (Brooks 2013). Imperial Tobacco should consider ways in offering balanced debt for bringing out ranges of equities as well as reduced debt for the same. It mainly involves in minimization on cost of capital and bringing true essence of business practices. Imperial Tobacco should stress on attainment of capital structure for future analysis purpose. It helps in ensuring great deal of attention for bringing changed pattern for final course of action (Brigham and Houston 2013). This particular company should believe in maximizing shared values from the point of view of the shareholders for viewing at the operational functions. It should emphasis on value processing equity and reduction in debt for attainment of goals and objectives of Imperial Tobacco. Optimal capital mix will help in reduced equity pattern among the potential investors for return availability in the near future (Brigham and Daves 2013). Creation of favourable image helps in bringing innovative perceptions of the investors for Imperial Tobacco. It should analyse for open market policies and adjust with earnings per share in an overall manner. It is advisable for Imperial Tobacco for engaging entirely on cash generation and harbours responsibilities as far as possible (Berry 2011). It should ensure reduced debt amount for the purpose of consulting ways for smooth functioning of the business enterprise. This particular company should find effective mix of equity for maintaining structured decision-making process in the most appropriate way (Bekaert and Hodrick 2012). It should relate with constant dividend policies for viewing at the dividend payout ratios for the same. At the end, debt and equity should be balanced for checking dividend policies in an overall manner. Calculation reveals Imperial Tobacco is capable of handling future dividend fluctuations faced by the company. Reference List Aamer, M. (2013).Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Financial Management. Packt Publishing. Albrecht, W., Stice, E. and Stice, J. (2011).Financial accounting. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Arnold, G. (2012).Corporate financial management. Balla, D. (2012).CLEP financial accounting. Piscataway, NJ.: Research Education Association. Baltazar, E. (2012).International GAAP 2012. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: John Wiley Sons. Barrow, C. (2011).Practical financial management. London: Kogan Page. Bekaert, G. and Hodrick, R. (2012).International financial management. Boston: Pearson. Berry, L. (2011).Financial accounting demystified. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Brigham, E. and Daves, P. (2013).Intermediate financial management.. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Brigham, E. and Houston, J. (2013).Fundamentals of financial management. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Brooks, R. (2013).Financial management. Boston: Pearson. Davies, T. and Crawford, I. (2012).Financial accounting. Harlow, England: Pearson. Deegan, C. and Unerman, J. (2011).Financial accounting theory. Maidenhead, Berkshire: McGraw Hill Education. Dyckman, T., Magee, R. and Pfeiffer, G. (2011).Financial accounting. [Westmont, Ill.]: Cambridge Business Publishers. Eun, C. and Resnick, B. (2012).International financial management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Gapenski, L. and Pink, G. (2012).Understanding healthcare financial management. Chicago: Health Administration Press. Greene, M. and Dince, R. (2012).Personal financial management. Cincinnati: South-Western Pub. Co. Grieve, I. (2013).Microsoft Dynamics GP 2013 financial management. Birmingham, UK: Packt Pub. Horngren, C. (2013).Financial accounting. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia Group. Horngren, C., Harrison, W. and Oliver, M. (2012).Financial managerial accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kapil, S. (2011).Financial management. Noida, India: Pearson. Leo, K., Knapp, J., McGowan, S. and Sweeting, J. (2012).Company accounting. Libby, R., Libby, P. and Short, D. (2011).Financial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Madura, J. (2012).International financial management. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Qu, X. and Yang, Y. (2012).Information and business intelligence. Berlin: Springer. Rothenberger, S. and Siems, F. (2012).Pricing perspectives. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Schiff, M. and Lewin, A. (2012).Behavioral aspects of accounting. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Schroeder, R., Clark, M. and Cathey, J. (2011).Financial accounting theory and analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Scott, W. (2011).Financial accounting theory. Toronto, Ont.: Pearson Canada. Spiceland, J., Thomas, W. and Herrmann, D. (2011).Financial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Wink, G. and Corradino, L. (2011).Intermediate accounting demystified. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Micro Economics and Business Economics - Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Micro and Business Economics. Answer: Introduction In the reported study paper, a basic system analysis of an economic issue i.e. the allocation of effort between producing low-value cow milk and high-value cow milk in New Zealand has been evaluated. In order to complete the entire analysis, causal loop model has been utilised to determine the important elements attached to the system. Moreover, drawing the elements related to the analysis, the linkages between the identified elements have been denoted in the study as well. Evidently, the balancing and reinforcing loops have been illustrated in a diagram representation. Through the investigation of the analysis, a growth archetype has been identified. To finish the report, the intervention of management to improve the system function has been described as well. Problem Statement The leading economic issue defined in the study is related to the allocation of effort between producing low-value cow milk and high-value cow milk in New Zealand. In order to understand the economic issue, a systematic analysis has been constructed drawing a causal loop model based on the elements associated with the issue (Clarke, Leuridan, Williamson, 2013). Precisely, the efforts leading to the production of high-value and low-value cow milk have included elements such as labour, productivity per labour, production of low-value cow milk, and production of high-value cow milk, technology, capital supply, and profitability of firms (Galindo Marti?n, Nardi Spiller, 2010). Causal loop model and description of links In order develop the casual loop model; first of all, the identified elements have been drawn to understand the affecting elements attached to the system analysis. Critically, by describing the linkages between the individual elements, it will be important to denote the positive and negative linkages. In the section below, the entire causal loop model has been drawn as follows: Figure: Causal Loop Model First of all, the labours required for both the high-value and low-value cow milk production can be defined as one of the leading efforts in the economic issue. Hence, the linkage between labours and high-value and low-value cow milk production will be positive as denoted in the causal loop model. Alternatively, the relation between production of high-value and low-value cow milk will be positive with the profitability of the firm. Specifically, productivity per workers is an element that creates a positive impact on the production of both types of milk. On a substantial note, during the production of both high-value and low-value cow milk, the labour cost has created a negative linkage with the profit of the firm (Chaudhary, Upadhyaya, 2015). Precisely, technology has been an instrumental factor in the allocation of efforts to mitigate the identified economic issue. Technology will influence the productivity of labour in a positive way as well as the production of high-value milk f rom low-value milk. Also, a significant capital supply needs to be added on installing the technology. Reversely, capital supply is one of the substantial elements contributing to the production and managing the cost of labour (Wiseman, 2015). Herein, significant capital supply can create a positive linkage towards labour management. Admittedly, during the production of low-value milk in New Zealand, the labour cost has to be minimised so that comprehensive profitability can be drawn by the marketers. On the other hand, production of high-value milk requires expertise human resources, technological resources, and other fundamental resources. Hence, capital supply needs to be improved in the case of production of high-value milk (Chaudhary, Upadhyaya, 2015). In the given causal loop model, the blue positive loops classify the reinforcing loops whereas the red negative loops define the balancing loops (Umbach, 2009). Meanwhile, each of the elements attached to the section needs to be verified accordingly to control the allocation of effort during the production of high-value and low-value cow milk in New Zealand market. In term of balancing and reinforcing the elements, blue positive loops have denoted reinforcing loops whereas red negative loops determine balancing loops. As per the causal loop modelling, labour units and production of low value cow milk has been reinforced so that profitability will increase. Also, capital supply has been reinforced with productivity per worker to increase the production of high value cow milk. Evidently, capital supply and technology have been engaged in another reinforced loop to increase production. In case of balancing the elements, labour units have been balanced with profit to allocate the fund required for business sustainability. Also, labour units and productivity per worker has been engaged in a balanced loop to support each of the elements leading towards productivity. Identification of limits to growth archetypes There are several limits to growth faced by the milk production industry of New Zealand in terms of the elements of archetype. The limits to the growth archetypes are presented herein below: Limits to growth for low value cow milk: labour, production, crowding, productivity By considering the figure presented in the causal loop model, it can be seen that the labour units implied in the production of low value cow milk are too high. On the other hand, with high number of labours the production in the low value cow milk industry increases. Additionally, the low value cow milk production system faces high crowding that result in low per capita production (Rae, 2017). In other words, the primary limit to the growth archetype of low value cow milk is low productivity. Hence, there is a lack of optimal usage of resources. Limits to growth for high value cow milk: capital, technology, productivity, costs, profit Meanwhile, the limits to growth archetypes faced by the high value cow milk production system are the high level of cost and low profitability. The management inputs high capital in the production of high value milk to improve the technology. On the other hand, the technology results in the enhancement of per labour productivity resulting in an increase in the costs (Norton, Berckmans, 2017). Hence, a fall in the profitability can be evident in this case. The management lacks to achieve the business objectives of higher profitability due to high cost of production. Intervention of management to improve the system function The intervention of the management to improve the system functions are presented herein below: The management must explore options to enhance the time of working by introducing shift work. The working in shift will reduce overcrowding in the low value milk production without reducing the labour input (Galindo Marti?n, Nardi Spiller, 2010). The labour input in high value milk production must be reduced by analysing the chain of production and identifying the points of inefficiency. Collective bargaining can be helpful in reducing labour cost. Adopt capital options that are quick to put in production system and cheaper to acquire in the high value milk production (Dietz, 2017). The management must reflect on the goals to increase profitability and productivity by making optimal usage of resources available to the milk production industry. Conclusion By considering the above analysis of the economic system of allocation of efforts in the low value cow milk and high value cow milk, every factors of production are connected to each other leading to high productivity and profitability. The limitations in the growth archetypes influence the optimal utilisation of resources. Conclusively, the management must identify the points of interventions in order to achieve the business goals of increasing profit and productivity. References Chaudhary, B., Upadhyaya, M. (2015). Socio-Economic Impacts of Dairy Cooperative.Economic Journal Of Development Issues,15(1-2). Clarke, B., Leuridan, B., Williamson, J. (2013). Modelling mechanisms with causal cycles.Synthese,191(8), 1651-1681. Dietz, M. (2017).Dairy prices rise again at Global Dairy Trade auction - The Country - The Country News.The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved May 2017, from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/the-country/news/article.cfm?c_id=16objectid=11848983 Galindo Marti?n, M., Nardi Spiller, C. (2010).Issues in economic thought(1st ed.). New York: Nova Science Publishers. Norton, T., Berckmans, D. (2017). Developing precision livestock farming tools for precision dairy farming.Animal Frontiers,7(1), 18. Rae, S. (2017).Dairy prices rise again at latest auction - The Country - The Country News.The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved May 2017, from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/the-country/news/article.cfm?c_id=16objectid=11850082 Umbach, E. (2009). Socio-economic systems as causal factors in the dynamics of ecosystems.Ecological Modelling,46(3-4), 305-310. Wiseman, A. (2015).Economic issues(1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Economics, Federal Trade Commission.