Bioethics Human Genetics

Question: Talk about the Bioethics for Human Genetics. Answer: Bioethics is the whole investigation of all the moral contemplations and moral issues emerging from the developing mechanical and research progression in natural science and medication. It is likewise alluded to the ethical judgment in the natural practices, as it is identified with the clinical approach and practice (Lippman, 1993). In this article, distinctive moral issues in rising organic investigations will be engaged. Three articles have been chosen for dissecting the bioethics and its effect upon the logical research. In these three articles, major moral issues in clinical practices, the pre-birth testing and moral assents of moms, the FACE realities for inciting bioethics and the human cloning will be talked about for contrasting writers examination. Lipman (1993) featured that, introducing the perception of researchers and their examination results is not, at this point not the same as the introduction of translation of the outer world by the authors. The creator investigated that, both the researchers and authors shape and deciphers the crude materials for passing on message with the impression of their past vision and social setting. The creator utilized the term geneticization for examining the impact of hereditary qualities as a device for clarifying wellbeing and sickness and ordinary condition (Lippman, 1993). The geneticization has been characterized as the device for separation of one individual from another from their hereditary starting point and characterizing issue as hereditary in cause. The creator uncovered that some broad issues are available across racial, societal position, ethnic and pay contrasts which has been featured as stress if there should arise an occurrence of morals in hereditary screening. The creator portrayed distinctive pre-birth tests for deciding fetuss chromosomal organization from which sex of the hatchling can be resolved. The stress over the truth of the matter is that the regenerative innovations are creating as gendered, so the cultural powers and benefits in nearby screening forms are molding womens experience of parenthood (Lippman, 1993). It is a significant inquiry that if the lady is settling on choice of pre-birth testing as a decision or it is the aftereffect of pressure or similarity. Society consistently reminds ladies to be liable for her youngster by tolerating pre-birth testing without an issue of decision. It has been uncovered that pre-birth testing is less important than the postnatal testing for recognizing and babies hereditary sickness. Social force is pushing ladies to take choice of conceiving an offspring of their kids dependent on the childrens acquired capacities and incapacities. It is an untrustworthy conduct for the youngsters since it is demonstrating disregard towards human right (Lippman, 1993). The creator proposed that society individuals ought to ceaselessly scrutinize their own qualities regarding why based on capacity is an embryo prematurely ended and for what reason is it socially energized. On the off chance that the kid with an incapacity is an issue, at that point the pre-birth screening can't be an answer (Lippman, 1993). The prosperity of a youngster can't be isolated from the moms prosperity and social, conservative and political disregard impacts the childs mental and physical development more than the qualities. Hence, the general public ought to enable womens decision of pre-birth testing which is a moral concern. In the examination work, Juengst (2004) has expressed about the FACE realities regarding why human hereditary qualities will constantly incite bioethics. In the course of the most recent couple of decades, near huge measure of the U.S. citizens cash were spent in attempting to foresee just as address the bioethical issues brought by progresses up in the investigation of human hereditary qualities most likely more than some other arrangement of issues in the predefined field. Notwithstanding, it tends to be expressed that everybody don't put stock in bioethics, however then again, some have confidence in bioethics, as they accept that there are more issues in this world to examine. It has been seen that enthusiasm of bioethics in the nonexclusive research work based issues incline the accessibility of the exploration discoveries for the particular subject. Notwithstanding, it has been seen that the difficulties of the new hereditary qualities contain one of the indigenous topics for t he bioethics. From Juengsts (2004)point of view, the bioethical worry in hereditary research isn't just the ancient rarity or impression of flow subsidizing or issues made by hereditary science; rather it is the human hereditary qualities supporting profound quality for advocating the ceaseless conspicuousness of things to come bioethics plan. Hereditary testing gives data about inherited realities before birth, from the bioethical perspective; hereditary data uncovers mystery future data which ought not be uncovered without assents. Hereditary data offers the see of up and coming section in people groups life (Juengst, 2004). Then again, the four open character highlights has long narratives of diverse use and misuse, the family job, network enrollment, ethnic association and hereditary roots and these highlights are featured as FACE hereditary qualities by the creator. Moral issues have been raised in regards to these issues when tested by hereditary data. It has been expressed by a celebrated researcher that, we believed that our destiny was in stars, yet now we know about genetics(Juengst, 2004). Bioethics condemns it as excessively deterministic. Hereditary protection is a helpful apparatus of controlling unjustifiable utilization of hereditary data. Bioethics will assist with including moral ramifications of heredita ry qualities for inalienable open elements of open personality. In the article gave by Kass (1997), the significant center is the moral worries of human cloning. It has been featured that, it is troublesome presently to communicate normal and conscious comprehension of security, sexuality, beginning life, family and parenthood, parenthood through the progressions in more extensive culture. Cloning is the perfect answer for monogamous marriage, a definitive single-parent youngster (Kass, 1997). Through cloning, individuals can take a shot at their desires and needs identified with the infant, the character of the kid, so there will exist no connection with the predecessor beginning. The essentialness of human cloning can't be thought little of or what is included can't be misjudged. Cloning can incorporate the utilization of lab procedures for controlling the nature of qualities, for increasing better infants. The hereditarily control in cloning will get regular in the endless supply of human cloning, for increasing a lovely, capable, solid, with great acquired qualities in babies, for making a decent hereditary race through their children with prevalent qualities (Kass, 1997). The offensiveness is an enthusiastic articulation of astuteness over the reasons capacity to communicate. Here the repulsiveness is against inordinate human stiff necked attitude. The profound quality of cloning relies on the human intensions. Freedom sets the setting of cloning in regards to rights, individual strengthening, and opportunity. The significant thing to stress in this setting is, past damaging the ability as representative is unbelievable (Kass, 1997). The moral judgment after cloning can't be diminished with respect to thought processes and goals. The inquiry is, in the case of cloning is a satisfaction of advancement of human having a place or not. The ethical contention is identified with the individuals who are eager to express the offensiveness of mankind to be insignificant offbeat. Human cloning likewise restrict the common event of sexual proliferation, in this way addressing against human birthplace and presence, as cloning needs just a single organic begetter for a child(Kass, 1997). As per Lippman (1993), hereditary qualities is regularly utilized in representation with the qualities, diagrams, writings and DNA pieces which are equipped for depicting the human sicknesses and disarranges. Besides, he is likewise of the conviction that the hereditary procedure, which he calls as geneticization would be useful in mapping the succession of human genomes (Lippman, 1993). As per him, hereditary qualities likewise has an across the board application in the pre-birth conclusion which is a procedure including the different testing and screening strategies that are utilized in evaluating the physical status of the incipient organism or baby during the pregnancy in ladies. Kass (1997) in his article The Wisdom of Repugnance has underscored on the benefits of the imaginative innovation identified with the cloning procedure by proposing that the cloning procedure would help the people in springing from the common living being as a human to being a God in the field of the her editary qualities and generation. He guaranteed that cloning is the impartial strategy that doesn't acquire any integrity, however is exposed to various preferences. As indicated by Juengst (2004), hereditary qualities has the capability of uncovering the fundamentals insider facts of the people through the investigation of the particular genomes. Like the considering Lippman (1993), Juengst (2004) is additionally in the help of the assessment that hereditary qualities concentrate likewise helps in decoding the internal generally self and operations of our bodies (Juengst, 2004). As indicated by Lippman (1993), hereditary qualities associated with the pre-birth examination in ladies may raise a major concern identified with the soundness of ladies, their bodies and their cultural jobs too. He accepts that the ladies in our present social orders are as of now separated, disadvantageous, helpless and frail attributable to their lessened status and difficulties being looked in the biased principles. In this manner, the cultural powers and benefits as fused in the pre-birth screening strategies would make the ladies to turn out to be increasingly defenseless against the social issues (Lippman, 1993). Kass (1997) contended that the whirlwind of the master remarks, assessments of public sentiment and open protection, the then US President Bill Clinton had forced a restriction on all the government support on the examination identifying with the human cloning. What's more, he additionally charged the National Bioethics Advisory Committee to cover the morals identifi ed with their human cloning research (Kass, 1997). As indicated by Juengst (2004), however the hereditary qualities has established the mai

Popular Culture Essay Essay

In spite of the fact that there are a few pieces of mainstream society that make it into high culture, mainstream society is transient; it depicts the lifestyle, mentalities, and interests of for the most part more youthful individuals. These perspectives generally change as they age and addition genuine experience. This paper will cover culture, mainstream society, three significant patterns in well known American culture and how famous American culture influences individual dynamic. Culture is the unified plan of social getting, confidence, and lead that depends on the capacity to scan for information and spread it to people in the future. It is additionally the conventional standards, aggregate traditions, and quantifiable characteristics of ethnic, strict, or a network. (Oxford English Dictionary, 2012) â€Å"The soul takes nothing with her to the following scene however her instruction and her culture.† (Plato, 2012) Popular social is the comprehension and activities of a specific arrangement of individuals in a specific time. It is likewise network shows (like Reality TV) or attractive merchandise (like hanging pants, larger than average shirts, caps intended to be worn in reverse, and so forth.) made for, or focused at specific arrangement of individuals. (Oxford English Dictionary, 2012) In this student’s supposition mainstream society goes back and forth and just characterizes a time not its kin. Three significant patterns in today’s society are an advanced society, sexual unequivocality, and a general absence of moral obligation. Americans live in a computerized society that depends on innovation more than individual connections. We do a lot of shopping and buying on the web and have become a general public where the hotter it is the better. Nearly everything on TV, in magazines, and even our music have become pervaded with sexual hints and insinuations. At long last, we have a quandary with the absence of moral duty in our nation; as of late there have been a few claims against drive-thru eateries for making individuals fat. Americans need to acknowledge duty regarding our own activities; it was not the drive-through joints that made us fat, rather it was our choice to eat there that did. Famous American culture influences individual dynamic different ways, regardless of whether it is the sort of food we purchase, the music we tune in to, hardware we buy, and even the individuals we date. In this student’s feeling the Internet is the absolute most compelling mainstream society influencer within recent memory. We use it for everything from dating, shopping, investigating, examining, voyaging, unwinding, thus substantially more. Well known cultureâ affects us in pretty much every choice we make. In spite of the fact that there are a few pieces of mainstream society that makes it into high culture, mainstream society is transient. This paper secured culture, mainstream society, three significant patterns in famous American culture and how well known American culture influences individual dynamic. â€Å"Culture is made of everything that empowers man to keep up, improve or change without debilitating it, the perfect picture of himself that it has inherited.† (Malraux, 2001) References Malraux, A. (2001, May 2). UCL †Discours recteur Marcel Crochet. Recovered from http://sites.uclouvain.be/actualites/dhc2001/drecteur.html Oxford English Dictionary. (2012, June). Recovered from http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/see/Entry/45746?rskey=BftxmA&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid Plato. (2012, June 4). Here, There, and Everywhere. Recovered from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/here-there-and-all over/201206/whats-after-30-cites the great beyond

Nietzsche: Virtues/Life/Morality Essay

Nietzsche was a one of a kind scholar that had some fascinating thoughts regarding people’s human qualities and character types. In the accompanying entry from Nietzsche, â€Å"?. this is the picture of all life, and from this become familiar with an incredible significance! Furthermore, on the other hand: Read just your own life, and from this comprehend the symbolic representations of widespread life! † According to Nietzsche, I think he characterizes that all profound quality is an appearance of the will to control. Individuals stress freedom, individual poise, self-endorsement and the will to succeed. For such individuals â€Å"good† alludes to whatever prompts self-satisfaction with qualities, for example, quality, mental fortitude, force and pride. This interests to the individuals who are questionable of themselves. They characterize â€Å"good† as what makes life simpler/more secure, with so much characteristics as tolerance, lowliness, humility and empathy. I concur and differ with Nietzsche. He causes me comprehend my own life, in that I concur with the will to control. I am living evidence. I need to be accountable for my future. I have objectives in each part of my life that I need to satisfy, and without these objectives there would be no inspiration forever. Specialists wouldn’t need to be craftsmen, researchers wouldn’t care about science, and individuals wouldn’t care about themselves. I additionally think we need certain temperances so as to prevail with regards to satisfying the objectives set out by the will to control. Tolerance, unobtrusiveness, noble cause and empathy are a portion of the excellencies that Nietzsche accepts to be â€Å"sour grapes†. The ethical that I believe is sharp is individuals who are not autonomous, see others to follow, and that need dignity. I accept that temperances, for example, individual force, quality, mental fortitude, pride, freedom, and empathy, makes an individual complete. Be that as it may, this is reality and as a general rule you can have these ethics and simultaneously stray from what you have faith in. I think the way to life is to see what your identity is and as glad. In today’s society, it appears there are such a large number of individuals who don't have the foggiest idea what their identity is. Individuals will in general follow the gathering, dress how every other person dresses and tune in to a similar music every other person listens as well. This to me is â€Å"weak†. The genuine root to control is inside yourself. Life isn’t as simple as Nietzsche recommends. Life is excessively unpredictable and the brain is a secretive thing. In spite of the fact that the characteristics and ethics discussed are perfect, I wish it was that easy to apply to an individual. I think the people environmental factors, and any impacts the individual has had in their life assumes a job. Lamentably the earth has an enormous impact in the improvement in an individual. Be that as it may, I think it’s never past the point of no return for an individual to change or discover oneself. Taking everything into account, Nietzsche’s reasoning truly permits me to comprehend the significance of life. Nietzsche didn't have confidence in equity. It appears he dismissed correspondence since he had confidence in the significance of independence. Nietzsche gives me a valid justification forever/presence.

Touro University International Essays (1331 words) - Economy

Touro University International ETH 501 Module 1, Case Assignment Dr. Steven J. Gold Presentation The motivation behind this report is to explore data about Martha Stewart and clarify if, as a CEO, did Martha Stewart handle the arraignment mindfully. By talking about these points, I plan to offer some information on Martha Stewart, her organization and the prosecution. I will close this report with a concise synopsis of the whole investigation, featuring some of the most huge parts that the report contains. Martha Stewart Conceived Martha Kostyra, Martha Stewart as a youngster was a Straight A understudy. Martha Stewart won an incomplete grant to Barnard College in New York City and to help pay costs she functioned as a model. She started her school vocation considering science, yet later changed to workmanship, European history and building history. After Martha's sophomore year she hitched Andrew Stewart after school she kept demonstrating and began doing TV ads. She quit displaying after her little girl was conceived and after two years began a profession, as a stockbroker. She in the long run left the stockbroker vocation and her and her significant other moved to Westport, Connecticut were they remodeled her celebrated house presently found in her TV program. She in the end began a providing food organization and a retail store selling claim to fame nourishments and supplies for engaging. Martha Stewart composed articles for the New York Times and was an editorial manager and reporter for the magazine House Beautiful. She additionally distributed the first of numerous sumptuously delineated books. She in the long run began creating supper music, tapes, CDs, TV specials and many books on food, weddings, Christmas, planting and repairing old houses. Martha marked a contract with Kmart doing promoting and counseling, she turned into a contributing manager to Family Circle magazine, and began her own magazine, Martha Stewart Living, which she in the long run transformed into a half hour network show. Martha Stewart turned into an easily recognized name yet in 2003 she would have charges brought against her and went to preliminary in 2004. Her charges included Deterrent of Justice: Alleges that Stewart attempted to hamper the SEC examination concerning her stock deal by giving deluding data, Securities Fraud: Alleges that Stewart offered bogus expressions about her stock deal to misdirect the speculators in her organization, Martha Stewart OmniMedia, Conspiracy: Alleges that Stewart and her dealer Peter Bacanovic eagerly cooperated to block equity and issue bogus proclamations, and False Statement: Alleges that Stewart lied when she said that she had a course of action to sell her stock when it plunged beneath $60, and at the point when she expressed she didn't have the foggiest idea about the Waksal family was selling their stock(The Cheating Culture, 2006). THE CASE Martha Steward had this to state to her fans Dear Friends: I am clearly troubled by the jury's decision yet I keep on taking solace in realizing that I have done nothing incorrectly and that I have the persevering backing of my loved ones. I will bid the decision and keep on battle to demonstrate my innocence. I have confidence in the decency of the legal framework what's more, stay sure that I will at last win. She was blamed for taking part in unlawful insider exchanging. Stewart sold stock in a biopharmaceutical organization called ImClone Systems, Inc on December 27, 2001 in the wake of accepting nonpublic data from Peter Bacanovic her specialist working at Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith Incorporated. Martha Stewart's exchange happened not long before the arrival of a choice from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) about a significant malignant growth tranquilize Erbitux that was being created by ImClone. On December 27, 2001, Peter Bacanovic discovered that two of his different customers, ImClone CEO Samuel Waksal and his girl Aliza Waksal, were selling of the ImClone stock they held at Merrill Lynch. Infringing upon Merrill Lynch approaches overseeing the privacy of customer exchanges, Peter Bacanovic taught his right hand, Douglas Faneuil, to reveal to Martha Stewart about the Waksals' activity, which was not open data. Data that the Waksals' were selling would have been imperative to the sensible financial specialist in light of the fact that, in addition to other things, those sell orders flagged insider question about the foreseen FDA choice, the possibilities for Erbitux, and the eventual fate of ImClone. Martha Stewart put in a request to sell every one of the 3,928 portions of her ImClone stock, which spared her $45,673. The Securities and Exchange Commission at that point documented charges. MARTHA'S ACTION As CEO of her organization I trust Martha Stewart's direct was deceptive. It most intently relates to a moral prideful person. She as it were considered how her activity would influence her and not the remainder of her investors. During numerous meetings she clarified that she was generally sorry for how this

Management Control Systems Case Study Las Ferreteri­as de México, S.A. de C.V. - Free Essay Example

1. Introduction La Ferreterias de Mexico de C.V 2. Company History The company Las Ferreteri ­as de Mà ©xico, S.A. de C.V. (Ferreteri ­as) was the second-largest retailer of lumber, building materials, and home improvement products and equipment in Mexico. Ferreterias operated 82 stores in Mexico City and throughout most of the northern regions of Mexico. Each of Ferreterias stores of ered between 10,000 and 20,000 stock keeping units (SKUs) in a retail sales area, an outside lumberyard area, and a garden center. The total store areas ranged from 10,000 to 35,000 square feet. Ferreterias was founded in 1902 in a suburb of Mexico City by Fernando Gonzalez grandfather. Over the years, the company added more locations. It was listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange in 1983. In 2012, Ferreterias had sales of 2,210 million pesos and profi ts of almost 120 million pesos (see summary fi nancial statements in Exhibits 1 and 2 ). 1 Starting in the late 1980s, Fernando Gonzales launched a major company expansion to take advantage of the growth in the Mexi can economy. He thought that his company needed to emulate the methods of the large American homebuilding retailers, such as Home Depot and Lowes, in order to survive. Thus, improving market share and improving operating efficiencies became Ferreteri ­as strategic priorities. The store managers enjoyed considerable autonomy. They were responsible for hiring, firing, and supervising their stores personnel. While the stores had the same architectural designs and some basic stock keeping requirements, the individual store managers were allowed to adapt their merchandise of erings, their inventory levels, and their advertising and promotional activities to their local markets, which were quite diverse. The store managers were given considerable latitude to reduce prices to move excess inventory or to meet competition. They were responsible for making credit-granting decisions, although for large accounts they were expected to ask finance personnel at headquarters to perform a credi t check. And some aggressive store managers tried to generate new business by calling on prospective customers themselves. The 82 stores were organized into nine geographical regions. The regional managers, each of whom was a former store manager, provided oversight and advice. Their role was seen as an important part of the management structure because most of the store managers had little formal education. Only a few were college educated, and few of those had formal business education. Each region also contained a regional sales of ce with specialists who worked with larger customers, primarily larger contractors, in selecting materials and estimating costs. Sales to these customers, however, were made through the store nearest to the job. 2. Issues Las Ferreteri ­as de Mà ©xico, S.A. de C.V. income statement as of 12/31/2012 (Ps 000) Net Sales 2,216,540 Costs of Sales 1,582,670 Gross Margin 633,870 Selling, General and Administrative Expenses 377,580 Depreciation Expense 65,740 Interest Expense 14,320 Total Expenses 457,640 Earnings before Taxes 176,230 Income Tax Provision 58,240 Net Earnings after Taxes 117,990 Las Ferreteri ­as de Mà ©xico, S.A. de C.V. balance sheet as of 12/31/2012 (Ps 000) Assets Current Assets Cash and Cash Equivalents 79,880 Short-Term Investments 5,430 Accounts Receivable 16,550 Merchandise Inventory 387,550 489,410 Property, Less Accumulated Depreciation 857,650 Long-Term Investments 8,720 Other Assets 14,060 Total Assets 1,369,840 Liabilities Accounts Payable 211,260 Other Current Liabilities 57,860 Long-term Debt 384,350 Other long-term liabilities 67,140 720,610 Shareholder Equity Preferred Stock ($10 par; 300,000 shares issued) 30,000 Common Stock ($20 par; 1,000,000 share issued) 200,000 Retained Earnings 419,230 649,230 Total Liabilities and Shareholder Equity 1,369,840 STRENGTH Excellent sales staff with strong knowledge of existing products Good relationship with customers Good internal communications High traffic location Successful marketing strategies WEAKNESSES Reputation for innovation Currently struggling to meet deadlines too much work? High rental costs Market research data may be out of date OPPORTUNITIES Similar products on the market are not as reliable or are more expensive Loyal customers Product could be on the market for Christmas Customer demand have asked sales staff for similar product Cash flow problems Holding too much stock Poor record keeping THREATS Competitors have a similar product Competitors have launched a new advertising campaign Competitor opening shop nearby Downturn in economy may mean people are spending less 3. Recommendations As with domestic marketing, Las Ferreteri ­as de Mà ©xico, S.A. de C.V.) , have to decide how they are to compete in their chosen market. According to Porter, the principal sources of competitive advantage are lower costs of production and a differentiated product offering. Lesser financially endowed usually have the former, but may have to work hard to obtain the latter. Should firms not be able to obtain a cost advantage, one possible option is to outsource production. This is a very common phenomenon of developed countries. However, it does take careful coordination and setting up if it is to be successful. There are other strategies available to marketers other than low cost, these include market leadership, market challenger or market flanking. All these strategies require information on competitors as well as on environmental conditions.

Disconnect Between the People of France and the Monarchy - Free Essay Example

The start of The French Revolution began due to the disconnect between the people of France and the monarchy, resulting in one of the bloodiest revolts in history. Economic, social and political conditions in France added to the discontent that was felt by many French citizens particularly those from the third estate. One of the main factors that lead to the contribution of the revolution was the crisis in the monarchy. This consisted of two decades of poor harvest, drought, cattle disease, and in increases of prices Another big problem of the 18th century was King Louis the 16ths spending problem. This resulted into major debt which latter lead to bankruptcy for the whole country. The French Revolution of the 1789 had some long-range causes. Economic, social and political conditions in France added to the discontent that was felt by many French citizens particularly those from the third estate. The thoughts of the scholarly people of the Enlightenment conveyed new perspectives to the society and the government. The American Revolution additionally impacted the happening to the Revolution of France. The Philosophes planted seeds for the Revolution. Their objectives were to destroy and expose the imbalances of the old regime (Aftalion, 180-181). The France political discontent was one of the reasons for the Revolution. An absolute government managed France in the 17th and 18th hundreds of years. The King had all the political forces. Any individual who scrutinized the government could be captured and put in jail without preliminary. Louis XVI was king of the French Revolution. He was more keen on hunting than administering France. He and his Austrian queen, Marie Antoinette, carried on with a luxurious life at the Palace of Versailles (Aftalion, 182). They didnt generally think about the condition of their nation. The general population of the third estate felt a feeling of disloyalty when the king supported block voting over the head voting. The first two estates decided to cooperate and outvote the large third estate to shield them from turning into threat to power (Aftalion, 183). Lord Acton, an Englishmen, states that the government being toppled wasnt the start of the Revolution. He perceives the American Independence as the start of the French Revolution. The French government was wasteful, out of line and degenerate. There were various government offices, different laws in various parts of the nation and authorities. Numerous individuals ended up enraged at the manner in which France was administered. The general population couldnt successfully achieve a change. The French Parliament was known as the Estates-General. It hadnt met since the year 1614 and could not without the consent of the king. It fundamentally had no power (Campbell, 16). The economic issues made by the French kings additionally added to the Revolution. Amid the eighteenth century, the French government spent more cash than it gathered in expenses. By 1788, the nation was bankrupt. Arthur Young, an Englishmen, and spectator, who ventured out to France from 1787 to 1789 furiously portray the living conditions of the workers in his book Travels in France (Campbell, 18). The measure of expense every individual must pay is out of line. Landholders found in the honorability werent exhausted much. The landholders found in the healthy people were saddled vigorously. There was the absence of bread. The cost of food was much higher at that point ones capacity to pay which caused incredible wretchedness for the general population of France. A large portion of the cash was spent on fights. France had been fighting for about fifty years out of the past one hundred years. France bolstered the Americans in the American War of the Independence. From that point forwa rd, France was in money related remains. A substantial entirety of cash was additionally spent on royal residences, excitement, and endowments by the kings of France (Desan, 470). The government spent a great deal of cash which set forth high taxes. The tax framework was crooked. The nobles and the ministry scarcely settled any government obligation. The Church possessed one-tenth of the land in France and did not make good on any government expenses. The laborers were the casualties of the overwhelming taxation (Desan, 471). Louis XVI attempted to change the taxation framework however the honorability and the ministry declined to acknowledge the new changes. Along these lines, the king was not able to make any money related changes. The gabelle, salt tax, was additionally imposed by the French Kings. At the point when Jacques Turgot endeavored to force the corvee, tax ashore property, he was contradicted by the honorability. He neglected to pass the corvee and was expelled by Louis XVI (Desan, 472). Social issues were additionally a central point that realized the French Revolution. In the eighteenth century, France was the first nation with class divisions. Individuals were isolated into three estates † the First Estate comprised of the ministry. The Second comprised of the honorability, and the Third incorporated the bourgeoisie, the city laborers and the workers † the state you had a place with chosen your capacity and rights (Jones, 278). Record 2 demonstrates the social class qualifications. The first estate was comprised of one percent of the general population and possessed ten percent of the land in France. The second estate consisted of two percent of the general population and claimed 35 percent of the land. The third estate held 97 percent of the general population who claimed 55 percent of the land. The general population to-arrive extent was out of line looking at the measure of individuals in every estate (Jones, 280). The third estate held next to no land contrasted with the ratio of individuals it had. It was stuffed. The first and second estate was the special classes. The church and the honorability were excluded from many taxes. They needed to pay around four-fifths of their salary on tax. They additionally expected to make good on the land government obligation: likewise, the taxes on property, streets, and salt (LeBon, 121). In conclusion, the French Revolution was caused by economic, political and social issues. Individuals were in discontent with the king. The first two estates were favored, and the third was exceptionally unprivileged and needed to cover substantial government expenses. The third estate did not coexist with the initial two. French kings spent a considerable measure of cash on wars. They paid more money than they made. It was the ideal opportunity for an adjustment in France (LeBon, 124). Works Cited Aftalion, Florin. The French Revolution: economic considerations. The French Revolution, pp. 180-195. Campbell, Peter. Rethinking the Origins of the French Revolution. A Companion to the French Revolution, 2012, pp. 1-23. Desan, Suzanne. The French Revolution and the Family. A Companion to the French Revolution, 2012, pp. 470-485. Jones, Peter M. Choosing Revolution and Counter-Revolution. A Companion to the French Revolution, 2012, pp. 278-292. LeBon, Gustave. The French Revolution. The French Revolution and the Psychology of Revolution, pp. 121-286.

Business Intelligence Vs. Business Analytics Essay

Business Intelligence VS Business Analytics Business Intelligence is needed to run the business while Business Analytics are needed to change the business. - Pat Roche, Vice President of Engineering, Noetix Products Introduction Business intelligence and analytics (BIA), a term coined in 1989, has gained much reaction in the IT practitioner community and academia over the past two decades. BIA refers to: (1) the technologies, systems, practices, and applications that (2) analyze critical business data to (3) help an enterprise better understand its business and market (research paper). Traditionally, business intelligence (BI) has been used as an umbrella term to describe the concepts and methods to improve business decision making by using fact-based decision support systems. BI also includes the underlying architectures, tools, databases, applications, and methodologies. 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Introduction Business intelligence and analytics (BIA), a term coined in 1989, has gained much reaction in the IT practitioner community and academia over the past two decades. BIA refers to: (1) the technologies, systems, practices, and applications that (2) analyze critical business data to (3) help anRead MoreHuman Computer Interaction And Analytics Technologies Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Computer Interaction and Analytics A Term Paper Presented to CMPS 5443: Adv Top: Human-Comp Interaction Department of Computer Science Midwestern State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of the Degree Master of Science By Manju Yadav Akkaraboina Fall - 2016 Abstract This paper explains the development in the human computer interaction by using the analytics technologies. 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When the dataset is further analyzed and drawn inferences using statistical methods like correlation or regression then it is called Diagnostic Analysis. Based on this information when the possible outcomes are predicted it is calle d Predictive Analytics. Finally, Predictive analytics uses previously tested or predictedRead MoreGlobal Issue : New Information Technology Initiatives1625 Words   |  7 Pagesinitiatives, identifies the challenges, and suggests vendors who could help implement these initiatives in the company. The 3 initiatives are customer relationship management (CRM), business intelligence (BI) analytics, and agile development methodology. CRM helps in understanding everything about the customers, including their business challenges, current use of products (both ours and competitors), and future plans; BI helps to increase the organizational knowledge beyond collections of data and information;Read MorePrescriptive Analytics : Descriptive Analytics1262 Words   |  6 PagesPrescriptive Analytics Prescriptive Analytics has been hailed as the final piece of the business analytics (BA) puzzle. It starts with descriptive analytics - describing what HAS happened and why; next is predictive analytics - forecasting what MIGHT happen; Prescriptive Analytics aims to offer insight into what ACTIONS to take next, suggesting the best course of action among available choices. If your organization has yet to formulate a plan to utilize Prescriptive Analytics in your business intelligenceRead MoreBusiness Intelligence ( Bi )2013 Words   |  9 PagesAs Wikipedia’s explanation, Business intelligence (BI) is the set of techniques and tools for the transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It is a solution package, to integrate all the existing data of organizations efficiently, provide accurate report to support high level managers to make business strategic decision. BI is not a new concept, it was introduced in 1996 for the first time. As the development of BI is the ETL technologies, ETLRead MoreBusiness Intelligence ( Bi )2608 Words   |  11 PagesAbstract: As Wikipedia’s explanation, Business intelligence (BI) is the set of techniques and tools for the transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It is a solution package, to integrate all the existing data of organizations efficiently, provide accurate report to support high level managers to make business strategic decision. BI is not a new concept, it was introduced in 1996 for the first time. As the development of BI is the ETL technologiesRead MoreBi And Big Dat The Transformation Of Raw Data Into Meaningful And Useful Information For Business Analysis3412 Words   |  14 PagesBI and Big Data Abstract: As Wikipedia’s explanation, Business intelligence (BI) is the set of techniques and tools for the transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It is a solution package, to integrate all the existing data of organizations efficiently, provide accurate report to support high level managers to make business strategic decision. BI is not a new concept, it was introduced in 1996 for the first time. As the development of BIRead MoreInformation Systems Strategic Planning Risk And Performance Management942 Words   |  4 Pages BA531 Business Performance Management Week 1 Assignment Information Systems Strategic Planning Risk Performance David Nagus Grantham University Professor Duhn Sept 3, 2015 1. State a simple definition of performance management. Performance management is a process that provides feedback and accountability and also documentation for performance outcomes. It is a forum to help employees channel their talents toward organizational goals. 2. State the three major strategic choices facing firms Business Intelligence Vs. Business Analytics Essay Business Intelligence VS Business Analytics â€Å"Without big data analytics, companies are blind and deaf, wandering out onto the web like deer on a freeway.† – Geoffrey Moore, author and consultant. Introduction Business intelligence and analytics (BIA), a term coined in 1989, has gained much reaction in the IT practitioner community and academia over the past two decades. BIA refers to: (1) the technologies, systems, practices, and applications that (2) analyze critical business data to (3) help an enterprise better understand its business and market (research paper). Traditionally, business intelligence (BI) has been used as an umbrella term to describe the concepts and methods to improve business decision making by using fact-based decision support systems. BI also includes the underlying architectures, tools, databases, applications, and methodologies. BI’s major objectives are to enable interactive and easy access to diverse data, enable manipulation and transformation of these data, and provide business managers and analysts the ability to conduct appropriate analyses and perform the actions [Turban et al. 2008; Wixom et al. 2011]. Successful BI initiatives have been reported for major industries, from healthcare and airlines, to major IT and telecommunication firms [Anderson-Lehman et al. 2004; Carte et al. 2005; Turban et al. 2008]. As a datacentric approach, BI heavily relies on the various advanced data collection, extraction, and analysis technologies [Turban et al.Show MoreRelatedBusiness Intelligence Vs. Business Analytics Essay1777 Words   |  8 PagesBusiness Intelligence VS Business Analytics Business Intelligence is needed to run the business while Business Analytics are needed to change the business. - Pat Roche, Vice President of Engineering, Noetix Products Introduction Business intelligence and analytics (BIA), a term coined in 1989, has gained much reaction in the IT practitioner community and academia over the past two decades. BIA refers to: (1) the technologies, systems, practices, and applications that (2) analyze critical businessRead MoreHuman Computer Interaction And Analytics Technologies Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Computer Interaction and Analytics A Term Paper Presented to CMPS 5443: Adv Top: Human-Comp Interaction Department of Computer Science Midwestern State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of the Degree Master of Science By Manju Yadav Akkaraboina Fall - 2016 Abstract This paper explains the development in the human computer interaction by using the analytics technologies. The analytics technologies act as a decision support system for the further development in theRead MoreBusiness Intelligence And Marketing Analytics Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesBI and BA Business intelligence and business analytics†¦ aren’t they the same thing?Or are they describing opposite processes?There are a lot of big words that get thrown around in the world of BI, and it’s easy to get lost in a whirlwind of interpretation.The diversity of opinion reflects the fluidity of how we understand the defining language of the field.It also demonstrates that in business intelligence, one term can mean different things to different people, depending on their business focus andRead MorePredictive Analytics, Data And Data1194 Words   |  5 Pagesdata is the future of BI and big data analytics (Jamack, 2012). When BI reports are run using the data and queries, information is retrieved and it is called Descriptive Analytics. When the dataset is further analyzed and drawn inferences using statistical methods like correlation or regression then it is called Diagnostic Analysis. Based on this information when the possible outcomes are predicted it is calle d Predictive Analytics. Finally, Predictive analytics uses previously tested or predictedRead MoreGlobal Issue : New Information Technology Initiatives1625 Words   |  7 Pagesinitiatives, identifies the challenges, and suggests vendors who could help implement these initiatives in the company. The 3 initiatives are customer relationship management (CRM), business intelligence (BI) analytics, and agile development methodology. CRM helps in understanding everything about the customers, including their business challenges, current use of products (both ours and competitors), and future plans; BI helps to increase the organizational knowledge beyond collections of data and information;Read MorePrescriptive Analytics : Descriptive Analytics1262 Words   |  6 PagesPrescriptive Analytics Prescriptive Analytics has been hailed as the final piece of the business analytics (BA) puzzle. It starts with descriptive analytics - describing what HAS happened and why; next is predictive analytics - forecasting what MIGHT happen; Prescriptive Analytics aims to offer insight into what ACTIONS to take next, suggesting the best course of action among available choices. If your organization has yet to formulate a plan to utilize Prescriptive Analytics in your business intelligenceRead MoreBusiness Intelligence ( Bi )2013 Words   |  9 PagesAs Wikipedia’s explanation, Business intelligence (BI) is the set of techniques and tools for the transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It is a solution package, to integrate all the existing data of organizations efficiently, provide accurate report to support high level managers to make business strategic decision. BI is not a new concept, it was introduced in 1996 for the first time. As the development of BI is the ETL technologies, ETLRead MoreBusiness Intelligence ( Bi )2608 Words   |  11 PagesAbstract: As Wikipedia’s explanation, Business intelligence (BI) is the set of techniques and tools for the transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It is a solution package, to integrate all the existing data of organizations efficiently, provide accurate report to support high level managers to make business strategic decision. BI is not a new concept, it was introduced in 1996 for the first time. As the development of BI is the ETL technologiesRead MoreBi And Big Dat The Transformation Of Raw Data Into Meaningful And Useful Information For Business Analysis3412 Words   |  14 PagesBI and Big Data Abstract: As Wikipedia’s explanation, Business intelligence (BI) is the set of techniques and tools for the transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It is a solution package, to integrate all the existing data of organizations efficiently, provide accurate report to support high level managers to make business strategic decision. BI is not a new concept, it was introduced in 1996 for the first time. As the development of BIRead MoreInformation Systems Strategic Planning Risk And Performance Management942 Words   |  4 Pages BA531 Business Performance Management Week 1 Assignment Information Systems Strategic Planning Risk Performance David Nagus Grantham University Professor Duhn Sept 3, 2015 1. State a simple definition of performance management. Performance management is a process that provides feedback and accountability and also documentation for performance outcomes. It is a forum to help employees channel their talents toward organizational goals. 2. State the three major strategic choices facing firms

Why Did Dinosaurs Have Feathers

Asking why certain dinosaurs had feathers is no different, in principle, from asking why fish have scales or why dogs have fur. Why should the bare epidermis of any animal possess any type of covering (or, in the case of human beings, practically no covering at all)? In order to answer this question, we have to address a deeper conundrum: what evolutionary advantage did feathers confer on dinosaurs that couldnt be accomplished with fur, or bristles or simple, reptilian scales? The Majority of Feathered Dinosaurs Were Theropods Before we start, though, its important to recognize that not all dinosaurs had feathers. The vast majority of feathered dinosaurs were theropods, a broad category that includes raptors, tyrannosaurs, ornithomimids and dino-birds, as well as the earliest dinosaurs like Eoraptor and Herrerasaurus. Furthermore, not all theropods were feathered: its a pretty sure bet that the late Jurassic Allosaurus had scaly skin, as did other large theropods like Spinosaurus and Tyrannosaurus Rex (though an increasing number of paleontologists believe that the hatchlings and juveniles of these dinosaurs may have been adorably tufted). Theropods werent the only members of the order of saurischian (lizard-hipped) dinosaurs: oddly enough, their closest relatives were the giant, lumbering, elephant-legged sauropods, which were about as different in appearance and behavior from theropods as you can possibly get! To date, theres absolutely no evidence for any feathered relatives of Brachiosaurus or Apatosaurus, and such a discovery seems extremely unlikely. The reason has to do with the differing metabolisms of theropod and sauropod dinosaurs, of which more below. What Is the Evolutionary Advantage of Feathers? Extrapolating from the example of modern birds, you might think that the primary purpose of feathers is  to sustain flight; feathers trap small pockets of air and provide the crucial lift that enables a bird to soar into the air. By all indications, though, the employment of feathers in flight is strictly secondary, one of those contingent developments for which evolution is so famous. First and foremost, the function of feathers is to provide insulation, just like the aluminum siding of a house or the polyurethane foam packed in its rafters. And why should an animal need insulation, you ask? Well, in the case of theropod dinosaurs (and modern birds), its because it possesses an endothermic (warm-blooded) metabolism. When a creature has to generate its own heat, it needs a way to retain that heat as efficiently as possible, and a coat of feathers (or fur) is one solution that has been repeatedly favored by evolution. While some mammals (like human beings and elephants) lack fur, all birds have feathers--and the insulating prowess of feathers is no better demonstrated than in flightless, aquatic birds inhabiting cold climates, i.e., penguins. Of course, this raises the question of why Allosaurus and other large theropod dinosaurs lacked feathers (or why those feathers were only present in juveniles or hatchlings). This may have something to do with the climatic conditions in the regions where these dinosaurs lived, or with a quirk in the metabolism of large theropods; we dont yet know the answer. (As for the reason sauropods lacked feathers, thats because they were almost certainly cold-blooded, and needed to efficiently absorb and radiate heat to regulate their internal body temperature. If they had been covered with feathers, they would have baked themselves from the inside out, like microwaved potatoes.) Dinosaur Feathers Were Favored by Sexual Selection When it comes to otherwise mysterious features in the animal kingdom―the long necks of sauropods, the triangular plates of stegosaurs, and, possibly, the bright feathers of theropod dinosaurs―one should never discount the power of sexual selection. Evolution is notorious for picking out seemingly random anatomical features and putting them into sexual overdrive: witness the enormous noses of male proboscis monkeys, a direct result of the fact that females of the species prefer to mate with the biggest-nosed males. Once insulating feathers had evolved in theropod dinosaurs, there was nothing to prevent sexual selection from taking over and driving the process even further. As yet, we know very little about the color of dinosaur feathers, but its a sure bet that some species sported bright greens, reds, and oranges, probably in a sexually dimorphic fashion (i.e., the males were more brightly colored than the females or vice versa). Some otherwise bald theropods may have sported tufts of feathers in odd locations, such as their forearms or hips, another means of signaling sexual availability, and some early, famous dino-birds like Archaeopteryx were equipped with dark, glossy feathers. What About Flight? Finally, we come to the behavior that most people associate with feathers: flight. Theres still a lot we dont know about the evolution of theropod dinosaurs into birds; this process may have happened multiple times during the Mesozoic Era, with only the last evolutionary wave resulting in the birds we know today. Its an almost open-and-shut case that modern birds evolved from the small, skittery, feathered dino-birds of the late Cretaceous period. But how? There are two main theories. It could be that these dinosaurs feathers provided an extra bit of lift when they were chasing prey or running away from larger predators; natural selection favored increasing amounts of lift, and finally, one lucky dinosaur achieved takeoff. In contrast to this ground-up theory, theres the less popular arboreal theory, which posits that small, tree-living dinosaurs evolved aerodynamic feathers while leaping from branch to branch. Whatever the case, the important lesson is that flight was the unintended byproduct, not the foreordained purpose, of dinosaur feathers! One new development in the feathered dinosaurs debate is the discovery of small, feathered, plant-eating ornithopods like Tianyulong and Kulindadromeus. Might this imply that ornithopods, as well as theropods, possessed warm-blooded metabolisms? Is it at least possible that birds evolved from plant-eating ornithopods, rather than meat-eating raptors? We dont know yet but count on this being an active area of research for at least the next decade.

Education As A System Of Empowering Learning And Securing...

Education is portrayed as a system of empowering learning and securing of data. Education happens under the course of an educator. The English word philosophy begins from the Greek word philosophia - which implies way. African Philosophy is described as the way Africans think when in doubt, experiences and nearness. It is a thinking that respects African universe of view. Enlightening Philosophy uses speculative, insightful and consistent gadgets to clear up the suggestions and to consider the method for data. Firstly the paper will reveal the three dimensions of education will be unveiled in association with institution, sociological and general enlightment, moreover the talk about African hypothesis as showed by different points of view of the writers, thirdly the article will express the piece of African rationale of guideline in association with Ubuntu, communalism and indigenous knowledge system. As demonstrated by institutional perspective preparing is portrayed by the change of a man in light of institutional experiences. Sociological contains learning something amid the time spent living and at last considering general enlightenment preparing is elucidated as a tradition in feeling that propel ones considering. African philosophy solidly relate to general brightening and sociological. African philosophy can be described as the arrangement of the education and its chronicled traditions. The possibility of African philosophy is associated with the social history.Show MoreRelatedThe Pressures Of Performativity And The Responses Of Leadership4815 Words   |  20 Pagesdevelop an understanding of why performance measures are so important to school leadership and how leadership stimulates change when new performance measures are demanded. Firstly, I will briefly explore the development of historical practices in the education field, the ‘History of Classifications and the History of Blood’, discussing their influences on modern day experiences (Ball 2013). To do this I will I use a personal anecdote to direct my research and develop my understanding of the leadershipRead MoreThesis on Empower Women Through Micro Credit Programmes18140 Words   |  73 Pagesschemes, have succeeded in changing the lives of poor women, enhancing incomes and generating positi ve externalities such as increased self-esteem. This paper addresses the challenging issue of whether self-help micro credit programmes are tools for empowering poor women. Micro credit is about much more than access to money. It is about women gaining control over the means to make a living. It is about women lifting themselves out of poverty and vulnerability. It is about women achievingRead MoreAircraft Solutions2693 Words   |  11 PagesSummary 3 Company Overview 3 Security Vulnerabilities 4 A Software Data Loss/Data Leak 4 A Hardware Firewall 5 Recommended Solutions 7 A Software Example Solution 7 A Hardware Example Solution 8 Impact on Business Processes 9 Summary 10 Appendix 11 References 17 Executive Summary Aircraft Solutions is aircraft Design Company that allows internal and external users to access its system. As a result of this, the company has made itself vulnerability toRead MoreChild Centered Curriculum7813 Words   |  32 Pagesencompasses more than a simple definition.   Curriculum is a key element in the educational process; its scope is extremely broad, and it touches virtually everyone who is involved with teaching and learning.   This volume focuses on curriculum within the context of career and technical and technical education.   In no other area has greater emphasis been placed upon the development of curricula that are relevant in terms of student and community needs and substantive outcomes.   The career and technicalRead MoreChild Labour9367 Words   |  38 Pageslabour – for adults and children – despite the Bonded Labour System Act of 1976 which frees all bonded labourers, cancels the debts against them and orders their rehabilitation by the state. Another striking aspect of child labour policy is that it co-exists or runs parallel to education policy with little cross-reference or discussion between the two. In fact the objectives of the two often clash. For example, universal elementary education has remained a goal, howsoever elusive, of government policyRead MoreThe Effects of Succession Planning on Employee Retention6054 Words   |  25 Pagesimportant role in how the employees will perceive these changes and how they will react to them, which in turn will affect their job outcomes. For this purpose, four banks: SCB, RBS, MCB and UBL were chosen, taking 25 employees from each and collecting data through a structured questionnaire. For testing hypotheses the Correlation Model was used to identify the influenced factors based on the correlation value which is significant at the 0.05 level. The study found significant relationship between theRead MorePrinciples Of Health Social Care Practice3133 Words   |  13 Pagespropos e reasoned solutions †¢ put together well-judged arguments and question assumptions †¢ manage time, learn independently †¢ write concisely, clearly and accurately These could be: Reduce the incidence and severity of disorders regarding Bob empowering Bob to take greater responsibility for his own health and social well-being, and putting Bob at the centre of service provision. Bob can have a care plan , an agreement between him and his health professional (or social services) to help him manageRead MoreFactors Affecting Project Implementation Amongst Non Governmental Organizations in Kenya9004 Words   |  37 Pagesmany nongovernmental organizations that run similar programmes and this makes it difficult to realize the full intensions of a given project. The objectives of the study are; to establish the effect of resources management, determine how operational systems affect project implementation, to find out if organizational culture affects project implementation within a non-governmental organization and to determine whether the organisation leadership affects project implementation. The study for sees andRead MoreFactors Affecting Project Implementation Amongst Non Governmental Organizations in Kenya8996 Words   |  36 Pagesmany nongovernmental organizations that run similar programmes and this makes it difficult to realize the full intensions of a given project. The objectives of the study are; to establish the effect of resources management, determine how operational systems affect project implementation, to find out if organizational culture affects project implementation within a non-governmental organization and to determine whether the organisation leadership affects project implementation. The study for sees andRead MoreEssay on Creativity in Education9422 Words   |  38 Pagescreativity at the heart of the learning process will benefit by increasing the motivation of staff and pupils, says former head, Dave Weston. In this article and case study, he shows the way to more imaginative approaches to curriculum planning ‘Creativity is the defeat of habit by originality’ Arthur Koestler Many school leaders and teachers realise that is now time to take more control over the curriculum and to include a greater emphasis on creativity in the learning and teaching process. During

God s Existence Of God - 936 Words

Do Not Be Afraid to Explore More Than One Religion God’s existence sometimes does not exist to certain people. When it comes to the teaching and knowledge about God many people are not aware because they have never been taught about how God appeared on the earth. I choose this topic because I was one of those people who has never really been raised around certain religion nor about the teaching how God came to be. However, I have been taught that God does exist and that his son Jesus are the reason for why we get to live the lives we live. Do I question that sometimes? Of course and I am sure I am not the only person. I wanted to get someone else’s view on how they believe that God came to be before the world was even thought about. I figured that this podcast by Krista Tippett on The Evolution of God by Robert Wright would give me more insight on this topic and also help me see a different view on this subject compared to the one that I have been taught growing up by my family members. Robert Wright who is journalist and scholar is known for his books that challenge the way people think about their religion and God. One of the main things that Tippett questions wright about what type of environment he grew up in and what made him question the evolution of God. He describes that he was born into a family that strongly believed in the religion of Baptist and were very religious. During high school, specifically his sophomore year is when he finally understood the idea thatShow MoreRelatedThe Existence Of God s Existence1339 Words   |  6 Pagesidea of God. The existence of God is one of the most sought out topic that is frequently inquired. Is there really a God or is God merely a concept humans created to explain the unexplainable? And if God does exist, what makes him different from the rest of us? A well-known philosopher, St. Thomas Aquinas, introduced five proofs including the Cosmological Arguments of God’s existence, as well as explained some divine qualities that are associated with God. The nature of God’s existence is oftenRead MoreThe Debate Of God s Existence1671 Words   |  7 Pagestold to follow certain norms or otherwise the big guy upstairs will punish us for being â€Å"disobedient†. To many, â€Å"believing in God† is the only way to live, the reason for the way everything is, and it’s the meaning to life. To others, God, is just a popular view whose existence cannot be proven. While both Atheist and Agnostics agree on the questioning of God’s existence, they disagree on the reasoning of why thing are the way they are. Agnostics believe in a higher power while Atheists believe inRead MoreThe Argument Of God s Existence1737 Words   |  7 PagesEXPLANATION Does God exist? This question has been in debate for centuries with many opposing views, some arising from philosophers on the same side while others refute Gods existence altogether. However for this particular paper I will be taking the best explanations approach. What I mean by this is I do not have proof of God’s existence but the existence of God is the best explanation for the universe around me. With this statement in mind we will discuss arguments in support of God’s existence as wellRead MoreDescartes Argument For God s Existence Of God Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pages In this paper, I offer a reconstruction of Descartes argument for God’s existence in the Third Meditation. Descartes tries to prove the existence of God with an argument that proceeds from the clear and distinct idea of an infinite being to the existence of himself. He believes that his clear and distinct idea of an infinite being with infinite â€Å"objective reality† leads to the occurrence of the â€Å"Special Causal Principle†. I will start by discussing and analyzing Descartes clear and distinct ideaRead MoreThe Question Of God s Existence1575 Words   |  7 PagesSusana Stewart Instructor: Dr. Michael McDowell Course: PHIL 201 Date: 12/13/2015 INTRODUCTION The question of God’s existence has been challenged by many philosophers and non-philosophers alike over the years. If I am honest with myself, during many hard times I have questioned Gods existence myself. Arguments that have been used to support the existence of a divine being includes; the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However, there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopherRead MoreThe Belief Of God s Existence Essay2302 Words   |  10 Pagessound judgment formed through logic. The common belief of â€Å"seeing is believing† makes justifying why God does indeed exist hard for some people because how could a reasonable person believe in something that he or she cannot physically see? Although a person may not be able to physically see God, reason to believe in His existence still exists. It may even be seen as a leap of faith to believe that God exists without being able to physically see Him, yet it is a necessary jump to make. Hav ing a higherRead MoreThe Philosophy Of God s Existence1775 Words   |  8 PagesThe question of God’s existence, will, and manifestation, in some form or another, is one that has crossed the mind of virtually every person over 8,000 years and continues to be questioned and reinterpreted, and shaping our society as our answers to that question change over the years. Three of the most influential thinkers to attempt to define God, and God’s existence are David Hume (1711-1776), Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831). The beliefs of these philosophersRead MoreAnshelm ¬Ã‚ ¥s Proof of God ¬Ã‚ ¥s Existence1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe question about the existence of God or, more generally speaking, of a supernatural entity that steers the course of the world, is probably as old as humanity itself. Many great philosophers were concerned with this basic and yet so important question which remains to be a controversial issue to this day! In the following I will commit myself to the above-mentioned question by firstly reconstructing Anselm ´s proof of God ´s existence and secondly considering his position in the light of the critiqueRead MoreGod s Existence Of The Eternal Self Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesThe majority of Indian religions have a tendency to recognize the existence of Self (Radhakrishnan Moore, 1957). In Hindu culture, the persistent and abiding Self is known as Atman and identified with Brahman as Universe. Buddhism demonstrates a relative attitude to the Self which is recognized in many religions. The concept of rejecting Atman performs a meaningful role in the Buddhist philosophy. The doctrine of non-existence distinguished and named in Hindu as the an-Atman ignores the eternalRead MoreThe Argument For God s Existence And Nature2146 Words   |  9 PagesQuestion 2 In part IX of Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, Deamea, the orthodox Christian, confronts Philo’s skepticism towards the arguments for God’s existence and nature that have thus far be discussed. Deamea presents a version of the ontological argument that he believes should provide undeniable proof of the truths found in religious dogma. However, Philo is not convinced with this argument because of the nature of the argument. Philo describes Deamea’s ontological argument as an

Corporate Financial Management - Dividend Policy Sample

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Financial Management for Dividend Policy? Answer: Dividend Policy of a firm has no relevance to the value of the firm. Miller Modigliani 1963 From the above statement from Miller Modigliani (1963), it reveals that value of a firm solely determined from investment decisions as well as policies (Aamer 2013). It is observed by the scholars that specified dividend policy ensures sale of new equity shares. This theory underlies certain assumptions. It is noticed that empirical evidence concerns on dividend policy of particular business organization (Albrecht, Stice and Stice 2011). Most of the scholars and studies suggested owing tax for investors. It needs essential pre-tax returns for higher payout ratio and comparing with low dividend payout stocks. Assumptions First assumptions includes no issuance cost Organization believes that paying issuance costs as well as new securities obtains equity capital at similar costs (Baltazar 2012). Dividend policies enhance special type of information for anticipation purpose for higher earnings (Brigham and Houston 2013). Established share prices hugely affect the dividend policy in the particular theory. Some practitioners presume that dividends signify reliable content information for decision-making process (Arnold et al. 2012).Dividend policy is considered important because equity capital as well as retained equity is expensive in nature. Optimal dividend policy helps in formulating ways for relative cost of retained earnings and equity on external basis. From the viewpoint of Modigliani and Miller, it is argued that existence of investor favours dividend policies (Balla 2012). It mainly identifies altered dividend policy that could lose stakeholders in other entities as well. Most of the investors do not care whether they receive capital gain income or dividend income. Assumptions reveal that there is no issuance cost. Organization should relate from payment of past earnings and dividend retention in the most appropriate way. Dividend payment ensures regular pay of stock in the particular theory. It should find ways in influencing existence of investment policy in an overall manner (Barrow 2011). From the perspective of Miller and Modigliani, organization focuses on investment policy in comparison with dividend policy for the same. On critical analysis, it is noticed that dividend policy ensures existence of investors in shared values(Brigham andDaves 2013). It mainly notes empirical evidence in suggesting changes in regard with dividend policies as well as stock price influence. Firms mostly prefer dividend policies at appropriate way for ensuring stable dividends in the theory. Addition to that, increased On analysis, it reveals that dividends help in conveying authentic information from earning prospects of the firm. Miller and Modigliani theory explains the information on dividend policies as well as influences the share prices in relation to special dividend payments. From Gordon Theory on Dividend Policy, it is revealed that dividend concept states determination of value of business firm. Dividend concept involves current dividends for viewing at the direct implications of overall concepts in an overall manner. It suggests calculation of market firms in solving the issues on dividends faced by Imperial Tobacco. It reveals market value share determining the future dividend policies in an overall manner. It is noticed that market value determinants shares for main perpetual stream in payment of future dividends in the most appropriate way. Walter Model indicates understanding clear definition on cost of capital as well as internal rate of return for the same. It reveals determination of dividend policies for minimization of cost and maximization of profit for smooth functioning of business firm. It reveals concepts that affect the dividend policies in equity and debt policies in an overall manner. It involves various natures of models leading towards maximization of shareholders equity in the most appropriate way. Walter Model gives detailed investigation on mixing of valuation shares on dividend policies in the final investment decisions. It aims at providing various investment opportunities in financing retained earnings in case of external financing of debt as well as equity. It enables maximizing of optimum investment and minimization of cost for the same. On analysis, it is important to compare three theories like MM, Gordon and Walter Model. These theories are important especially in financial management for smooth functioning of business enterprise. It helps in bringing strong relationship on advancement of dividend policies for the same. It is essential for understanding the concept of Walter Model that specifies maximization of owners wealth in various investment policies. As far as Gordon model is concerned, it relates establishment of dividend capitalization for checking the market values of each share. On the contrary, MM theory strictly follows internal and external financing for bringing changes in the business firm. In the real world, dividend policy is relevant to a firm value It is important to indicate a real-life scenario from the company named Imperial Tobacco. This particular business enterprise plans for current dividend policies with the help of increased payout ratios. It enables checking on dividend per share and earnings per share of business firm. The above statement indicates essence of bringing changes for the dividend payments. Most of the investors believe in evaluation of management attributes on matters relating to cash flow and future earnings in particular organization. From the management perspective, it reveals perceived information on profitability aspects of business organization (Davies and Crawford 2012). It includes existing and potential investors for indulging in final decision-making process. Changed dividend policies ensure unambiguous indicators in attainment of future prospects in business enterprise for future analysis purpose. Information on methods on dividend policies includes management presentations on security and annual reports for changed dividend policies(Dyckman, Magee and Pfeiffer 2011). It helps in providing essential signals for the investors on capital structure attributes in an overall manner. From the perspective of investors, it involves dividend payments in the present world scenario. It is noticed that dividend stability builds positive image for particular business organization. Addition to that, company management should have clear understanding on the payment of dividends uncertainty for creation of poor dividend policies. It helps in alienating for potential and existing investors on matters relating to unstable dividend payments (Brigham and Houston 2013). This will greatly influence the investors perceptions for the level of performance presented in financial markets. Scholars claims for sharing values for earnings divisions on matters relating to retention of dividend policies. It mainly imposes related proposition by MM for conducting restrictive assumptions for better understanding of related concepts. Dividend policies helps majority of shareholders in respect to preference dividend policies (Deegan and Unerman 2011). Shareholders face risk in preference divi dends and related promise on future capital gains. It is noticed that consistent dividends helps in providing certain functions for the investors. On critical analysis on MM theory, it reveals reduced dividend policies for viewing at the uncertainty level among the investors. It focuses on making discounted future earnings in relation with business enterprise. It is noticed that shareholders who fails in paying the dividends give rise to huge uncertainty among the potential investors (Dyckman, Magee and Pfeiffer 2011). This particular approach will lead to low shared prices and increased discounted rates. Transaction cost is imposed on the investors and receives capital gains from the cash dividends. From the theory on Miller and Modigliani, it provides enough relevance on the dividend policies. It introduces ways and models for incorporating for dominant determination of facts in a particular business organization (Eun and Resnick 2012). MM theory signifies undertaking sample size of 28 corporate entities in US from the year 1950. It conducts qualitative research and inculcates interviews from CEO and CFO of firms in and around US (Greene and Dince 2012). It is important to consider the fact that established dividend policy will serve as an active factors in present life scenario (Horngren, Harrison and Oliver 2012). From the perspective of managers, they have an idea on stable dividends and reduced negative perceptions from the investors point of view. Dividend payments and retained earnings ensure adding up the by-product from the main dividend policies, which requires majority of shareholders. It involves major dividend policies as an active determinant for further research ( Kapil 2011). It is advisable that managers should have faith in investors as well as dividend pattern. It revolves around the market put premiums for stable dividend policies for the same. On critical analysis, it is judged that special payouts aim at reducing cash as well as cash equivalents (Libby, Libby and Short 2011). It analyses the payout ratio and compares it with balance sheet figures. As far as special dividends are concerned, it occurs from payouts and related cash attributes. It mainly involves overvalued stock for increased EPS as well as making the required changes in the business organization (Madura 2012). Miller and Modigliani gave the concept on dividend policy and investment policies that mainly affects the working of a particular business organization. This particular theory fails to hold true sense of attributes in dividend policies (Qu and Yang 2012). However, it gives rise to negative ramifications on matters relating to cash flow of an entity. Special dividends influence the firm value either positively or negatively. It varies with consisting payouts from the early investors. Derivation of operating cash flow involves related recouping sections in final investment process for effective decision-making in an overall manner (Rothenberger and Siems 2012). It should focus on analysing the ability of the firm for operation of cash investment for future research analysis. It is noted that special dividends ensures cash achievement from related debt structure affecting entire business organization (Schiff and Lewin 2012). Cash flow operations of the firm should possess enough capacit y for covering interest payments (Schroeder, Clark and Cathey 2011). It should stop worrying from the financial distress of the investors in the most appropriate form Business and Financial Risks faced by Imperial Tobacco Financial Market Risk It is important to understand the fact that Imperial Tobacco gets affected by significant level of committed debt, bank loan markets, and capital markets debt obligations. It requires efficient financing for several debt policies and checking the funds availability in an overall manner. It checks reliability of funds from various bank counterparties for future business activities. Falling credit ratings is one of the financial market risk that needs proper consideration from Imperial Tobacco. Cost of committed funds requires rising cost in an overall manner. It implies future trade funding affecting rising debts issues in case of breath funders in the near future. It is noticed that debt rise with 44% in fixed levels interest in case of high funding costs. Addition to that, Imperial Tobacco faces cash outflows issues in an overall manner. From the annual report, it is evident to gather facts on risk faced by Imperial Tobacco. This risk mainly includes business and financial risk that needs consideration on urgent basis (Spiceland, Thomas and Herrmann 2011). Most of the risk does not provide limitations for social risks, environmental risks and financial risks for the same. It involves illegal circulation of tobacco products and affects the tobacco industry on an adverse manner (Wink and Corradino 2011). It should ensure conducting anti-social campaigns with the help of health authorities that positively affects the policy makers in the near future. Potential risk brings discouragement from the client perspective and influences the behaviour patterns concerning Imperial Tobacco (Balla 2012). It should involve in anti-tobacco advertisements because it will help in bringing positive attitude from the individuals. Advertisements mainly focus on bringing awareness among public that smoking is unpleasant and considered unhe althy constraints (Albrecht, Stice and Stice 2011). It should be emphasis on matters that smoking in public places should be prohibited strictly by the public. It is important to consider the fact that company management focus on acknowledging for understanding the present level of uncertainty. It experiences various form of financial markets for bringing out the positive attributes from the particular business organization. Counterfeiting issues are noticed especially in the Nigeria markets (Aamer 2013). It is noticed by the people that replicated companys offers products that mainly affects the customer extension process. It helps in differentiating between genuine and illegal products in business activities. It is noted that Rogue importers uses Rizler papers for the purpose of increase target market in Senegal. It should emphasis mainly on counterfeit products that includes booklets. It helps in keeping low priced products of Imperial Tobacco (Wink and Corradino 2011). Problems arise because of showing higher availability of products in major cities and towns that brings saturation point in along fake products of Imperial Tobacco. The a bove analysed problem hampers the profitability ratio and reduced performance level concerning business organization. Imperial Tobacco faces issues with illicit trades because it hugely affects the tobacco sectors. It is noticed that sale of illicit whites enhances counterfeit products in providing related competition especially for the market condition process (Spiceland, Thomas and Herrmann 2011). It emphasizes mainly on the domestic products for duly payment free products after viewing at the present business condition. Market shares include stock prices for analysing purpose for Imperial Tobacco. These approaches will bring enlightenment on mitigating problems especially for company officials. It involves government authorities that address the problems for future analysis purpose. It is important to consider the fact that several issues intensifies on related illegal Chine products (Scott 2011). This put emphasis on the coupling operational activities at Imperial Tobacco. It involves dedicating enforcement actions for the related counterfeit products attributes in an overall manner. Partnership approach serves as a mitigating tool for briefing the issues in faster ways (Schroeder, Clark and Cathey, 2011). It mainly enhances on excise duty and raise public funding process as well as private control agendas in the most appropriate way. Recent Financial Performance of Imperial Tobacco Profitability Ratio Imperial Tobacco Profitability Ratio Gross Margin Ratio 2014 2015 Gross Margin $18,036,883 $20,587,576 Net Sales $21,864,478 $25,276,809 82.49400237 81.44847714 Profit Margin 2014 2015 Net Income $1,456,883 $1,877,741 Net Sales $21,864,478 $25,276,809 6.663241629 7.428710641 Return on Assets 2014 2015 Net Income $1,456,883 $1,877,741 Average Total Assets $16,902,088 $20,421,712 0.086195445 0.091948266 It is noticed from the above table, Imperial Tobacco needs improvement in net profit ratio because it is too less for future business activities. Gross margin ratio arrives 82% in the year 2014 and 81% in the year 2015.This particular ratio implies comparing gross margin with net sales. High gross margin ratio helps in measuring selling of inventory for smooth functioning of business enterprise. Shareholders Equity of Imperial Tobacco Return on Equity 2014 2015 Net Income $1,456,883 $1,877,741 Shareholder's Equity $2,814,518 $4,265,359 0.517631438 0.440230471 Return on equity ratio is one of the indicators that help in equity financing for fund operations as well as future growth. The above table signifies that shareholder equity increases with proper allocation of equity shares in an overall manner. From the current annual report on Imperial Tobacco, it is noted special disclosures by the Finance Director for achievement of future outcomes of business activities. It mainly possesses enough capacity in earning revenues for future analysis purpose (Schiff and Lewin 2012). Imperial Tobacco indicates constant positive financial performance that manages with the cash effectively and cost management in an overall manner. It is revealed from the year 2013 that net revenue reduced with one percent from excessive sale of tobacco products. It emphasis mainly on the net volume reduction and seven percent offset prices for bringing net worth of Imperial Tobacco (Rothenberger and Siems 2012). From the present operating environment, logistics distribution fees enable reduction with five percent especially from economic headwinds especially from European region for future analysis purpose. Operating profits generates increase with one percent for bringing uniformity in the business activities for the same (Qu and Yang 2012). Favourable financial performance reflects on matters relating with generation of net revenue especially in the emerging markets. Realization on profit gains establishes strong market in Russia and USA. On financial analysis, it is noticed that market performance hugely affects constant decline in net revenue and volume especially in Spain. Illicit trade activities influences increased custom duty for future research purpose (Madura 2012). It effectively brings out the changed duty noticed from the deregulation markets in Morocco. Imperial Tobacco believes in preparation of financial statements for various undergoing concern in an overall manner. It puts emphasis on the historical cost convention policies for conduction of act recognised in the year 2006 (Libby, Libby and Short 2011). In accordance with 408 of companies act, it helps in establishing separate income statement from related business organization in the near future. Investments Imperial Tobacco invests in certain attributes from nearest subsidiaries. It mainly indicates ways for provisions for future analysis purpose(Leo et al. 2012) Financial Instruments Imperial Tobacco conducts usage of non-derivative financial instruments that includes debtors. It helps in enhancing fair values as well as amortization. It serves the purpose for allocation of costs in related interest method rates in the most appropriate way (Kapil 2011). It emphasizes on impairment on related accounts receivable figures generated from the annual reports of Imperial Tobacco. Profit for the year Imperial Tobacco involves in calculating profits for the current financial year. It aims at profit maximization with cost minimization in business activities (Horngren, Harrison and Oliver 2012). Financial statement analysis process the audit fee charge at 0.4 million from the past financial years. Treasury shares Imperial Tobacco conducts share purchasing from the buyback program as well as detainment of shareholders (Horngren 2013). It mainly deducts funds for analysing the basic attributes of shares traded in the open markets. Purchase groups revolve around 867000 shares that cost 182 million on yearly basis. Imperial Tobacco believes in creation of shared values (Grieve 2013). It is possible by conducting meetings and strict criteria for main acquisition in an overall manner. Buyback program helps in finding suitable variations for established business activities. It is important to consider the fact that company puts emphasis on special dividend policies especially for supply funds in way of single instalments (Greene and Dince 2012). Management should evaluate variable options considering disclosure of business activities and generation of supply funds on timely basis. Debt capacity of the business and sources of financing available to Imperial Tobacco 2012 2013 2014 2015 Long-term Debt $4,028,538 $5,011,640 $5,488,591 $8,299,328 Total Equity $1,900,207 $2,972,081 $1,664,741 $2,023,128 Debt/ Debt+ Equity $0.68 $0.63 $0.77 $0.80 Imperial Tobacco should make ways in acquisition of equity shares as well as decreased debt obligations for future business activities. In the financial years, it is noticed increased balance amount of debt and equity required for smooth functioning of business enterprise. Imperial Tobacco shows consistent increase in the debt capacity from the year 2008. This particular company reveals attribution in form of acquisition of Atladis in the year 2007. It is noticed that there was mandatory undertaking of large borrowings figures from the annual reports of Imperial Tobacco. It mainly involves debt accumulation figures for bringing subsequent variation from the share values of Imperial Tobacco (Gapenski and Pink 2012). Addition to that, it is revealed from annual report figures that Imperial Tobacco faces rapid decrease from the debt figures on faster pace. Main sources of financing for Imperial Tobacco put emphasis on the sale of shares. This particular concept of financing brings creativity for shared values with shareholders for future analysis purpose. Another source of financing includes sale derivation making the necessary diverse brands in the most appropriate form (Dyckman, Magee and Pfeiffer 2011). It is important to understand the fact that market management reveals good profit generation. Most of the companies believe in positive returns for attainment of future growth on various operational ways. Product markets include supply of fine tobacco, smokeless tobacco, paper and cigar. Generation of diverse brands involves recording of positive returns at 12% on total tobacco revenue (Deegan and Unerman 2011). Addition to that, Imperial Tobacco commits various policies in way of adequate funding as well as providing bank facilities for the same. It helps in meeting various borrowing needs especially in peak season. Acquisition of a ssets mainly revolves around brand recognition for entering in the committed facilities for research purpose(Davies and Crawford 2012). Credit facilities and term loans mainly presumes the financial performance of Imperial Tobacco. Recommendation on an optimal capital mix of Imperial Tobacco It is advisable for Imperial Tobacco for conducting best optimal mix condition for smooth functioning of business enterprise. Optimal mix is an ideal condition whereby companys shares maximized values in their business activities (Brooks 2013). Imperial Tobacco should consider ways in offering balanced debt for bringing out ranges of equities as well as reduced debt for the same. It mainly involves in minimization on cost of capital and bringing true essence of business practices. Imperial Tobacco should stress on attainment of capital structure for future analysis purpose. It helps in ensuring great deal of attention for bringing changed pattern for final course of action (Brigham and Houston 2013). This particular company should believe in maximizing shared values from the point of view of the shareholders for viewing at the operational functions. It should emphasis on value processing equity and reduction in debt for attainment of goals and objectives of Imperial Tobacco. Optimal capital mix will help in reduced equity pattern among the potential investors for return availability in the near future (Brigham and Daves 2013). Creation of favourable image helps in bringing innovative perceptions of the investors for Imperial Tobacco. It should analyse for open market policies and adjust with earnings per share in an overall manner. It is advisable for Imperial Tobacco for engaging entirely on cash generation and harbours responsibilities as far as possible (Berry 2011). It should ensure reduced debt amount for the purpose of consulting ways for smooth functioning of the business enterprise. This particular company should find effective mix of equity for maintaining structured decision-making process in the most appropriate way (Bekaert and Hodrick 2012). It should relate with constant dividend policies for viewing at the dividend payout ratios for the same. At the end, debt and equity should be balanced for checking dividend policies in an overall manner. Calculation reveals Imperial Tobacco is capable of handling future dividend fluctuations faced by the company. Reference List Aamer, M. (2013).Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Financial Management. Packt Publishing. Albrecht, W., Stice, E. and Stice, J. (2011).Financial accounting. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Arnold, G. (2012).Corporate financial management. 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